LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis in Atherosclerotic Inflammation: Research Progress


如何引用文章

全文:

详细

Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. However, the exact mechanism underlying atherosclerosis-related inflammation has not been fully elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process that leads to atherosclerosis, there is need to identify novel molecular markers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained prominence in recent years. LncRNAs/circRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that bind to miRNAs via microRNA response elements (MREs), thereby inhibiting the silencing of miRNA target mRNAs. Inflammatory mediators and inflammatory signaling pathways are closely regulated by ceRNA regulatory networks in atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the role of LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in atherosclerotic inflammation and how it can be targeted for early clinical detection and treatment.

作者简介

Nuan Lv

School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yilin Zhang

School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Luming Wang

School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yanrong Suo

Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People’s Hospital

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Wenyun Zeng

Oncology Department, Ganzhou People’s Hospita

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Qun Yu

School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Bin Yu

School of Medial Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Xijuan Jiang

School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

参考

  1. World health statistics 2021: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. 2021. Available from: who.int/publications/i/item/9789240027053
  2. Ben, J.; Jiang, B.; Wang, D.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, Y.; Tong, X.; Chen, L.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, X.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.; Bai, H.; Yang, Q.; Ma, J.; Wiemer, E.A.C.; Xu, Y.; Chen, Q. Major vault protein suppresses obesity and atherosclerosis through inhibiting IKK–NF-κB signaling mediated inflammation. Nat. Commun., 2019, 10(1), 1801. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09588-x PMID: 30996248
  3. Gillrie, M.R.; Krishnegowda, G.; Lee, K.; Buret, A.G.; Robbins, S.M.; Looareesuwan, S.; Gowda, D.C.; Ho, M. Src-family kinase–dependent disruption of endothelial barrier function by Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins. Blood, 2007, 110(9), 3426-3435. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-04-084582 PMID: 17693580
  4. Joshi, A.A.; Lerman, J.B.; Dey, A.K.; Sajja, A.P.; Belur, A.D.; Elnabawi, Y.A.; Rodante, J.A.; Aberra, T.M.; Chung, J.; Salahuddin, T.; Natarajan, B.; Dave, J.; Goyal, A.; Groenendyk, J.W.; Rivers, J.P.; Baumer, Y.; Teague, H.L.; Playford, M.P.; Bluemke, D.A.; Ahlman, M.A.; Chen, M.Y.; Gelfand, J.M.; Mehta, N.N. Association between aortic vascular inflammation and coronary artery plaque characteristics in psoriasis. JAMA Cardiol., 2018, 3(10), 949-956. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.2769 PMID: 30208407
  5. Wang, Z.T.; Wang, Z.; Hu, Y.W. Possible roles of platelet-derived microparticles in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 2016, 248, 10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.004 PMID: 26978582
  6. Stauss, R.D.; Grosse, G.M.; Neubert, L.; Falk, C.S.; Jonigk, D.; Kühnel, M.P.; Gabriel, M.M.; Schuppner, R.; Lichtinghagen, R.; Wilhelmi, M.; Weissenborn, K.; Schrimpf, C. Distinct systemic cytokine networks in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Sci. Rep., 2020, 10(1), 21963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78941-8 PMID: 33319833
  7. Li, X.; Guo, D.; Chen, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, F. Effects of altered levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on locations of in-stent reocclusions in elderly patients. Mediators Inflamm., 2020, 2020, 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2020/1719279 PMID: 33029103
  8. Bäck, M.; Yurdagul, A., Jr; Tabas, I.; Öörni, K.; Kovanen, P.T. Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: Mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2019, 16(7), 389-406. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0169-2 PMID: 30846875
  9. Ridker, P.M.; Everett, B.M.; Thuren, T.; MacFadyen, J.G.; Chang, W.H.; Ballantyne, C.; Fonseca, F.; Nicolau, J.; Koenig, W.; Anker, S.D.; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Cornel, J.H.; Pais, P.; Pella, D.; Genest, J.; Cifkova, R.; Lorenzatti, A.; Forster, T.; Kobalava, Z.; Vida-Simiti, L.; Flather, M.; Shimokawa, H.; Ogawa, H.; Dellborg, M.; Rossi, P.R.F.; Troquay, R.P.T.; Libby, P.; Glynn, R.J. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 2017, 377(12), 1119-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707914 PMID: 28845751
  10. Vahdat-Lasemi, F.; Aghaee-Bakhtiari, S.H.; Tasbandi, A.; Jaafari, M.R.; Sahebkar, A. Targeting interleukin‐β by plant‐derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Phytother. Res., 2021, 35(10), 5596-5622. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7194 PMID: 34390063
  11. Carninci, P.; Kasukawa, T.; Katayama, S.; Gough, J.; Frith, M.C.; Maeda, N.; Oyama, R.; Ravasi, T.; Lenhard, B.; Wells, C.; Kodzius, R.; Shimokawa, K.; Bajic, V.B.; Brenner, S.E.; Batalov, S.; Forrest, A.R.R.; Zavolan, M.; Davis, M.J.; Wilming, L.G.; Aidinis, V.; Allen, J.E.; Ambesi-Impiombato, A.; Apweiler, R.; Aturaliya, R.N.; Bailey, T.L.; Bansal, M.; Baxter, L.; Beisel, K.W.; Bersano, T.; Bono, H.; Chalk, A.M.; Chiu, K.P.; Choudhary, V.; Christoffels, A.; Clutterbuck, D.R.; Crowe, M.L.; Dalla, E.; Dalrymple, B.P.; de Bono, B.; Gatta, G.D.; di Bernardo, D.; Down, T.; Engstrom, P.; Fagiolini, M.; Faulkner, G.; Fletcher, C.F.; Fukushima, T.; Furuno, M.; Futaki, S.; Gariboldi, M.; Georgii-Hemming, P.; Gingeras, T.R.; Gojobori, T.; Green, R.E.; Gustincich, S.; Harbers, M.; Hayashi, Y.; Hensch, T.K.; Hirokawa, N.; Hill, D.; Huminiecki, L.; Iacono, M.; Ikeo, K.; Iwama, A.; Ishikawa, T.; Jakt, M.; Kanapin, A.; Katoh, M.; Kawasawa, Y.; Kelso, J.; Kitamura, H.; Kitano, H.; Kollias, G.; Krishnan, S.P.T.; Kruger, A.; Kummerfeld, S.K.; Kurochkin, I.V.; Lareau, L.F.; Lazarevic, D.; Lipovich, L.; Liu, J.; Liuni, S.; McWilliam, S.; Babu, M.M.; Madera, M.; Marchionni, L.; Matsuda, H.; Matsuzawa, S.; Miki, H.; Mignone, F.; Miyake, S.; Morris, K.; Mottagui-Tabar, S.; Mulder, N.; Nakano, N.; Nakauchi, H.; Ng, P.; Nilsson, R.; Nishiguchi, S.; Nishikawa, S.; Nori, F.; Ohara, O.; Okazaki, Y.; Orlando, V.; Pang, K.C.; Pavan, W.J.; Pavesi, G.; Pesole, G.; Petrovsky, N.; Piazza, S.; Reed, J.; Reid, J.F.; Ring, B.Z.; Ringwald, M.; Rost, B.; Ruan, Y.; Salzberg, S.L.; Sandelin, A.; Schneider, C.; Schönbach, C.; Sekiguchi, K.; Semple, C.A.M.; Seno, S.; Sessa, L.; Sheng, Y.; Shibata, Y.; Shimada, H.; Shimada, K.; Silva, D.; Sinclair, B.; Sperling, S.; Stupka, E.; Sugiura, K.; Sultana, R.; Takenaka, Y.; Taki, K.; Tammoja, K.; Tan, S.L.; Tang, S.; Taylor, M.S.; Tegner, J.; Teichmann, S.A.; Ueda, H.R.; van Nimwegen, E.; Verardo, R.; Wei, C.L.; Yagi, K.; Yamanishi, H.; Zabarovsky, E.; Zhu, S.; Zimmer, A.; Hide, W.; Bult, C.; Grimmond, S.M.; Teasdale, R.D.; Liu, E.T.; Brusic, V.; Quackenbush, J.; Wahlestedt, C.; Mattick, J.S.; Hume, D.A.; Kai, C.; Sasaki, D.; Tomaru, Y.; Fukuda, S.; Kanamori-Katayama, M.; Suzuki, M.; Aoki, J.; Arakawa, T.; Iida, J.; Imamura, K.; Itoh, M.; Kato, T.; Kawaji, H.; Kawagashira, N.; Kawashima, T.; Kojima, M.; Kondo, S.; Konno, H.; Nakano, K.; Ninomiya, N.; Nishio, T.; Okada, M.; Plessy, C.; Shibata, K.; Shiraki, T.; Suzuki, S.; Tagami, M.; Waki, K.; Watahiki, A.; Okamura-Oho, Y.; Suzuki, H.; Kawai, J.; Hayashizaki, Y. The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science, 2005, 309(5740), 1559-1563. doi: 10.1126/science.1112014 PMID: 16141072
  12. Fabian, M.R.; Sonenberg, N.; Filipowicz, W. Regulation of mRNA Translation and Stability by microRNAs. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 2010, 79(1), 351-379. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060308-103103 PMID: 20533884
  13. Janas, M.M.; Wang, B.; Harris, A.S.; Aguiar, M.; Shaffer, J.M.; Subrahmanyam, Y.V.B.K.; Behlke, M.A.; Wucherpfennig, K.W.; Gygi, S.P.; Gagnon, E.; Novina, C.D. Alternative RISC assembly: Binding and repression of microRNA–mRNA duplexes by human Ago proteins. RNA, 2012, 18(11), 2041-2055. doi: 10.1261/rna.035675.112 PMID: 23019594
  14. Bridges, M.C.; Daulagala, A.C.; Kourtidis, A. LNCcation: lncRNA localization and function. J. Cell Biol., 2021, 220(2), e202009045. doi: 10.1083/jcb.202009045 PMID: 33464299
  15. Denzler, R.; Agarwal, V.; Stefano, J.; Bartel, D.P.; Stoffel, M. Assessing the ceRNA hypothesis with quantitative measurements of miRNA and target abundance. Mol. Cell, 2014, 54(5), 766-776. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.045 PMID: 24793693
  16. Statello, L.; Guo, C.J.; Chen, L.L.; Huarte, M. Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2021, 22(2), 96-118. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-00315-9 PMID: 33353982
  17. Kristensen, L.S.; Andersen, M.S.; Stagsted, L.V.W.; Ebbesen, K.K.; Hansen, T.B.; Kjems, J. The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2019, 20(11), 675-691. doi: 10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7 PMID: 31395983
  18. Chen, L.L. The expanding regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of circular RNAs. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2020, 21(8), 475-490. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-0243-y PMID: 32366901
  19. Salmena, L.; Poliseno, L.; Tay, Y.; Kats, L.; Pandolfi, P.P. A ceRNA hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language? Cell, 2011, 146(3), 353-358. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.014 PMID: 21802130
  20. Navarro, E.; Mallén, A.; Cruzado, J.M.; Torras, J.; Hueso, M. Unveiling ncRNA regulatory axes in atherosclerosis progression. Clin. Transl. Med., 2020, 9(1), 5. doi: 10.1186/s40169-020-0256-3 PMID: 32009226
  21. Martens, C.R.; Bansal, S.S.; Accornero, F. Cardiovascular inflammation: RNA takes the lead. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2019, 129, 247-256. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.012 PMID: 30880251
  22. Gimbrone, M.A., Jr; García-Cardeña, G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ. Res., 2016, 118(4), 620-636. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301 PMID: 26892962
  23. Jaffe, I.Z.; Jaisser, F. Endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptors: turning cardiovascular risk factors into cardiovascular dysfunction. Hypertension, 2014, 63(5), 915-917. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.01997 PMID: 24566083
  24. Sitia, S.; Tomasoni, L.; Atzeni, F.; Ambrosio, G.; Cordiano, C.; Catapano, A.; Tramontana, S.; Perticone, F.; Naccarato, P.; Camici, P.; Picano, E.; Cortigiani, L.; Bevilacqua, M.; Milazzo, L.; Cusi, D.; Barlassina, C.; Sarzi-Puttini, P.; Turiel, M. From endothelial dysfunction to atherosclerosis. Autoimmun. Rev., 2010, 9(12), 830-834. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.016 PMID: 20678595
  25. Soeters, P.B.; Wolfe, R.R.; Shenkin, A. Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and clinical significance. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr., 2019, 43(2), 181-193. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1451 PMID: 30288759
  26. Khwaja, B.; Thankam, F.G.; Agrawal, D.K. Mitochondrial DAMPs and altered mitochondrial dynamics in OxLDL burden in atherosclerosis. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2021, 476(4), 1915-1928. doi: 10.1007/s11010-021-04061-0 PMID: 33492610
  27. Giddens, D.P.; Zarins, C.K.; Glagov, S. The role of fluid mechanics in the localization and detection of atherosclerosis. J. Biomech. Eng., 1993, 115(4B), 588-594. doi: 10.1115/1.2895545 PMID: 8302046
  28. Zhou, J.; Li, Y.S.; Chien, S. Shear stress-initiated signaling and its regulation of endothelial function. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2014, 34(10), 2191-2198. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303422 PMID: 24876354
  29. Sweet, D.R.; Fan, L.; Hsieh, P.N.; Jain, M.K. Krüppel-like factors in vascular inflammation: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2018, 5, 6. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00006 PMID: 29459900
  30. Niu, N.; Xu, S.; Xu, Y.; Little, P.J.; Jin, Z.G. Targeting mechanosensitive transcription factors in atherosclerosis. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2019, 40(4), 253-266. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.004 PMID: 30826122
  31. Mun, G.I.; Boo, Y.C. A regulatory role of Kruppel-like factor 4 in endothelial argininosuccinate synthetase 1 expression in response to laminar shear stress. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2012, 420(2), 450-455. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.016 PMID: 22430140
  32. Shan, K.; Jiang, Q.; Wang, X.Q.; Wang, Y.N.Z.; Yang, H.; Yao, M.D.; Liu, C.; Li, X.M.; Yao, J.; Liu, B.; Zhang, Y.Y. J, Y.; Yan, B. Role of long non-coding RNA-RNCR3 in atherosclerosis-related vascular dysfunction. Cell Death Dis., 2016, 7(6), e2248. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.145 PMID: 27253412
  33. Lu, Q.; Meng, Q.; Qi, M.; Li, F.; Liu, B. Shear-sensitive lncRNA AF131217.1 inhibits inflammation in HUVECs via regulation of KLF4. Hypertension, 2019, 73(5), e25-e34. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12476 PMID: 30905197
  34. Mukovozov, I.; Huang, Y.W.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, G.Y.; Siu, A.; Sokolskyy, Y.; Patel, S.; Hyduk, S.J.; Kutryk, M.J.B.; Cybulsky, M.I.; Robinson, L.A. The neurorepellent slit2 inhibits postadhesion stabilization of monocytes tethered to vascular endothelial cells. J. Immunol., 2015, 195(7), 3334-3344. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500640 PMID: 26297762
  35. Zhao, H.; Anand, A.R.; Ganju, R.K. Slit2-Robo4 pathway modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial inflammation and its expression is dysregulated during endotoxemia. J. Immunol., 2014, 192(1), 385-393. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302021 PMID: 24272999
  36. Li, S.; Huang, T.; Qin, L.; Yin, L. Circ_0068087 silencing ameliorates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells depending on mir-186-5p-mediated regulation of roundabout guidance receptor 1. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2021, 8, 650374. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650374 PMID: 34124191
  37. Zhang, Y.; Li, W.; Li, H.; Zhou, M.; Zhang, J.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Sun, X. Circ_USP36 silencing attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced dysfunction in endothelial cells in atherosclerosis through mediating miR-197-3p/ROBO1 axis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(5), e761-e772. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001124 PMID: 34369900
  38. Rochette, L.; Lorin, J.; Zeller, M.; Guilland, J.C.; Lorgis, L.; Cottin, Y.; Vergely, C. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: Possible therapeutic targets? Pharmacol. Ther., 2013, 140(3), 239-257. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.004 PMID: 23859953
  39. Munro, J.M.; Cotran, R.S. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: Atherogenesis and inflammation. Lab. Invest., 1988, 58(3), 249-261. PMID: 3279259
  40. Jaipersad, A.S.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Silverman, S.; Shantsila, E. The role of monocytes in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2014, 63(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.019 PMID: 24140662
  41. Peng, K.; Jiang, P.; Du, Y.; Zeng, D.; Zhao, J.; Li, M.; Xia, C.; Xie, Z.; Wu, J. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein accelerates the injury of endothelial cells via CIRC‐USP36/MIR ‐98‐5p/VCAM1 axis. IUBMB Life, 2021, 73(1), 177-187. doi: 10.1002/iub.2419 PMID: 33249762
  42. Zhang, D.; Zhang, G.; Yu, K.; Zhang, X.; Jiang, A. Circ_0003204 knockdown protects endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injuries by targeting the miR-491-5p-ICAM1 pathway. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis, 2022, 53(2), 302-312. doi: 10.1007/s11239-021-02606-0 PMID: 34797473
  43. Lamb, D.J.; Modjtahedi, H.; Plant, N.J.; Ferns, G.A.A. EGF mediates monocyte chemotaxis and macrophage proliferation and EGF receptor is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis, 2004, 176(1), 21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.04.012 PMID: 15306170
  44. Xiong, F.; Mao, R.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, R.; Tan, K.; Liu, C.; Xu, J.; Du, G.; Zhang, T. CircNPHP4 in monocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles controls heterogeneous adhesion in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease. Cell Death Dis., 2021, 12(10), 948. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04253-y PMID: 34650036
  45. Dunaway, L.S.; Pollock, J.S. HDAC1: an environmental sensor regulating endothelial function. Cardiovasc. Res., 2022, 118(8), 1885-1903. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab198 PMID: 34264338
  46. Zhang, X.; Lu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Luo, Q.; Liu, B. CircRNA RSF1 regulated ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cells proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation through modulating miR-135b-5p/HDAC1 axis in atherosclerosis. Biol. Res., 2021, 54(1), 11. doi: 10.1186/s40659-021-00335-5 PMID: 33757583
  47. Seccia, T.M.; Rigato, M.; Ravarotto, V.; Calò, L.A. ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) in cardiovascular–renal pathophysiology: A review of new advancements. J. Clin. Med., 2020, 9(5), 1328. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051328 PMID: 32370294
  48. Noma, K.; Oyama, N.; Liao, J.K. Physiological role of ROCKs in the cardiovascular system. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 2006, 290(3), C661-C668. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00459.2005 PMID: 16469861
  49. Shan, H.; Guo, D.; Zhang, S.; Qi, H.; Liu, S.; Du, Y.; He, Y.; Wang, B.; Xu, M.; Yu, X. RETRACTED ARTICLE: SNHG6 modulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cells injury through miR-135a-5p/ROCK in atherosclerosis. Cell Biosci., 2020, 10(1), 4. doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0371-2 PMID: 31921409
  50. Shimada, H.; Rajagopalan, L.E. Rho kinase-2 activation in human endothelial cells drives lysophosphatidic acid-mediated expression of cell adhesion molecules via NF-kappaB p65. J. Biol. Chem., 2010, 285(17), 12536-12542. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.099630 PMID: 20164172
  51. Miao, J.; Wang, B.; Shao, R.; Wang, Y. CircUSP36 knockdown alleviates oxidized low density lipoprotein induced cell injury and inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the miR 20a 5p/ROCK2 axis. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2021, 47(4), 40. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4873 PMID: 33576448
  52. Li, X.; Kang, X.; Di, Y.; Sun, S.; Yang, L.; Wang, B.; Ji, Z. CircCHMP5 contributes to Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury through the regulation of MiR-532-5p/ROCK2 axis. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 2022. doi: 10.1007/s10557-022-07316-0
  53. Li, L.; Du, Z.; Rong, B.; Zhao, D.; Wang, A.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Bai, X.; Zhong, J. Foam cells promote atherosclerosis progression by releasing CXCL12. Biosci. Rep., 2020, 40(1), BSR20193267. doi: 10.1042/BSR20193267 PMID: 31894855
  54. Su, G.; Sun, G.; Lv, J.; Zhang, W.; Liu, H.; Tang, Y.; Su, H. Hsa_circ_0004831 downregulation is partially responsible for atorvastatinalleviated human umbilical vein endothelial cell injuries induced by ox-LDL through targeting the miR-182-5p/CXCL12 axis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 2021, 21(1), 221. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01998-4 PMID: 33932991
  55. Chen, G.; Ward, M.F.; Sama, A.E.; Wang, H. Extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory cytokine. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 2004, 24(6), 329-333. doi: 10.1089/107999004323142187 PMID: 15212706
  56. Calderon-Pelaez, M.A.; Coronel-Ruiz, C.; Castellanos, J.E.; Velandia-Romero, M.L. Endothelial dysfunction, HMGB1, and dengue: An enigma to solve Viruses-Basel., 2022, 14(8)
  57. van Beijnum, J.R.; Buurman, W.A.; Griffioen, A.W. Convergence and amplification of toll-like receptor (TLR) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathways via high mobility group B1 (HMGB1). Angiogenesis, 2008, 11(1), 91-99. doi: 10.1007/s10456-008-9093-5 PMID: 18264787
  58. Yang, J.; Huang, C.; Yang, J.; Jiang, H.; Ding, J. Statins attenuate high mobility group box-1 protein induced vascular endothelial activation: A key role for TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2010, 345(1-2), 189-195. doi: 10.1007/s11010-010-0572-9 PMID: 20714791
  59. Zheng, Z.; Zhang, G.; Liang, X.; Li, T. LncRNA OIP5-AS1 facilitates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury through the miR-98-5p/HMGB1 axis. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2021, 476(1), 443-455. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-03921-5 PMID: 32990894
  60. Umahara, T.; Uchihara, T.; Hirao, K.; Shimizu, S.; Hashimoto, T.; Kohno, M.; Hanyu, H. Essential autophagic protein Beclin 1 localizes to atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid and major intracranial arteries. J. Neurol. Sci., 2020, 414, 116836. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116836 PMID: 32344218
  61. Dong, G.; Yang, S.; Cao, X.; Yu, N.; Yu, J.; Qu, X. Low shear stress-induced autophagy alleviates cell apoptosis in HUVECs. Mol. Med. Rep., 2017, 15(5), 3076-3082. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6401 PMID: 28350133
  62. Meng, Q.; Pu, L.; Qi, M.; Li, S.; Sun, B.; Wang, Y.; Liu, B.; Li, F. Laminar shear stress inhibits inflammation by activating autophagy in human aortic endothelial cells through HMGB1 nuclear translocation. Commun. Biol., 2022, 5(1), 425. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03392-y PMID: 35523945
  63. Landry, N.M.; Cohen, S.; Dixon, I.M.C. Periostin in cardiovascular disease and development: A tale of two distinct roles. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2018, 113(1), 1. doi: 10.1007/s00395-017-0659-5 PMID: 29101484
  64. Schwanekamp, J.A.; Lorts, A.; Vagnozzi, R.J.; Vanhoutte, D.; Molkentin, J.D. Deletion of periostin protects against atherosclerosis in mice by altering inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2016, 36(1), 60-68. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306397 PMID: 26564821
  65. Hakuno, D.; Kimura, N.; Yoshioka, M.; Mukai, M.; Kimura, T.; Okada, Y.; Yozu, R.; Shukunami, C.; Hiraki, Y.; Kudo, A.; Ogawa, S.; Fukuda, K. Periostin advances atherosclerotic and rheumatic cardiac valve degeneration by inducing angiogenesis and MMP production in humans and rodents. J. Clin. Invest., 2010, 120(7), 2292-2306. doi: 10.1172/JCI40973 PMID: 20551517
  66. Cao, L.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhao, P.; Chen, Y. LncRNA H19/miR-let-7 axis participates in the regulation of ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury via targeting periostin. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2019, 72, 496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.042 PMID: 31054453
  67. Brennan, E.; Wang, B.; McClelland, A.; Mohan, M.; Marai, M.; Beuscart, O.; Derouiche, S.; Gray, S.; Pickering, R.; Tikellis, C.; de Gaetano, M.; Barry, M.; Belton, O.; Ali-Shah, S.T.; Guiry, P.; Jandeleit-Dahm, K.A.M.; Cooper, M.E.; Godson, C.; Kantharidis, P. Protective effect of let-7 miRNA family in regulating inflammation in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Diabetes, 2017, 66(8), 2266-2277. doi: 10.2337/db16-1405 PMID: 28487436
  68. Zhang, W.; Sui, Y. CircBPTF knockdown ameliorates high glucose-induced inflammatory injuries and oxidative stress by targeting the miR-384/LIN28B axis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2020, 471(1-2), 101-111. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-03770-2 PMID: 32524321
  69. Gast, M.; Rauch, B.H.; Haghikia, A.; Nakagawa, S.; Haas, J.; Stroux, A.; Schmidt, D.; Schumann, P.; Weiss, S.; Jensen, L.; Kratzer, A.; Kraenkel, N.; Müller, C.; Börnigen, D.; Hirose, T.; Blankenberg, S.; Escher, F.; Kühl, A.A.; Kuss, A.W.; Meder, B.; Landmesser, U.; Zeller, T.; Poller, W. Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 modulates immune cell functions and is suppressed in early onset myocardial infarction patients. Cardiovasc. Res., 2019, 115(13), 1886-1906. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz085 PMID: 30924864
  70. Guo, J.T.; Wang, L.; Yu, H.B. Knockdown of NEAT1 mitigates ox-LDL-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via miR-30c-5p/TCF7 axis. Eur Rev Med Pharmaco, 2020, 24(18), 9633-9644. PMID: 33015807
  71. Sun, X.; Feinberg, M.W. NF-κB and Hypoxia. Am. J. Pathol., 2012, 181(5), 1513-1517. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.001 PMID: 22999810
  72. Mitchell, J.P.; Carmody, R.J. NF-κB and the transcriptional control of inflammation. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol., 2018, 335, 41-84. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.007 PMID: 29305014
  73. Razeghian-Jahromi, I.; Karimi, A.A.; Zibaeenezhad, M.J. The role of ANRIL in atherosclerosis. Dis. Markers, 2022, 2022, 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2022/8859677 PMID: 35186169
  74. Guo, F.; Tang, C.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Lv, P.; Wang, W.; Mu, Y. The interplay of Lnc RNA ANRIL and miR‐181b on the inflammation‐relevant coronary artery disease through mediating NF ‐κB signalling pathway. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2018, 22(10), 5062-5075. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13790 PMID: 30079603
  75. Chen, T.; Li, L.; Ye, B.; Chen, W.; Zheng, G.; Xie, H.; Guo, Y. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0005699 attenuates inflammation and apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulation of the miR-450b-5p/NFKB1 axis. Mol. Med. Rep., 2022, 26(3), 290. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12806 PMID: 35904173
  76. Baldwin, A.S., Jr The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: New discoveries and insights. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1996, 14(1), 649-681. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.649 PMID: 8717528
  77. Lin, Z.; Ge, J.; Wang, Z.; Ren, J.; Wang, X.; Xiong, H.; Gao, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Q. Let-7e modulates the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells through ceRNA crosstalk. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 42498. doi: 10.1038/srep42498 PMID: 28195197
  78. Li, H.; Sun, B. Toll-like receptor 4 in atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2007, 11(1), 88-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00011.x PMID: 17367503
  79. Tang, Y.L.; Jiang, J.H.; Wang, S.; Liu, Z.; Tang, X.Q.; Peng, J.; Yang, Y.Z.; Gu, H.F. TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling contributes to chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4), e0123685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123685
  80. Huang, H.; Huang, X.; Yu, H.; Xue, Y.; Zhu, P. Circular RNA circ-RELL1 regulates inflammatory response by miR-6873-3p/MyD88/NF-κB axis in endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2020, 525(2), 512-519. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.109 PMID: 32113679
  81. Bai, Y.; Liu, X.; Chen, Q.; Chen, T.; Jiang, N.; Guo, Z. Myricetin ameliorates ox-LDL-induced HUVECs apoptosis and inflammation via lncRNA GAS5 up-regulating the expression of miR-29a-3p. Sci. Rep., 2021, 11(1), 19637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98916-7 PMID: 34608195
  82. Stark, A.K.; Sriskantharajah, S.; Hessel, E.M.; Okkenhaug, K. PI3K inhibitors in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2015, 23, 82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.05.017 PMID: 26093105
  83. Ren, M.; Wang, T.; Han, Z.; Fu, P.; Liu, Z.; Ouyang, C. Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis by targeting miR-26a-5p through the AKT/NF-κB pathway. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2020, 76(5), 635-644. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000889 PMID: 32833899
  84. Zhang, Y.; Xie, B.; Sun, L.; Chen, W.; Jiang, S.L.; Liu, W.; Bian, F.; Tian, H.; Li, R.K. Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in the ‘normal region’ of aorta from atherosclerosis patients is regulated by miR‐145. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2016, 20(6), 1049-1061. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12825 PMID: 26992033
  85. Chanchevalap, S.; Nandan, M.O.; McConnell, B.B.; Charrier, L.; Merlin, D.; Katz, J.P.; Yang, V.W. Kruppel-like factor 5 is an important mediator for lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 2006, 34(4), 1216-1223. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl014 PMID: 16500892
  86. Wang, F.; Ge, J.; Huang, S.; Zhou, C.; Sun, Z.; Song, Y.; Xu, Y.; Ji, Y. KLF5/LINC00346/miR 148a 3p axis regulates inflammation and endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2021, 48(2), 152. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4985 PMID: 34165154
  87. Fu, D.N.; Wang, Y.; Yu, L.J.; Liu, M.J.; Zhen, D. Silenced long non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage elevates microRNA-495-3p to suppress atherosclerotic plaque formation via reducing Krüppel-like factor 5. Exp. Cell Res., 2021, 401(2), 112519. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112519 PMID: 33636159
  88. Jiang, X.; Chen, L.; Wu, H.; Chen, Y.; Lu, W.; Lu, K. Knockdown of circular ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injuries of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by mediating the miR-148b-3p/KLF5 signaling pathway. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(6), 809-818. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001127 PMID: 34882112
  89. Dickson, K.M.; Bhakar, A.L.; Barker, P.A. TRAF6-dependent NF-kB transcriptional activity during mouse development. Dev. Dyn., 2004, 231(1), 122-127. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20110 PMID: 15305292
  90. Zhao, J.; Cui, L.; Sun, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, L.; Ding, Z.; Quan, X. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in HUVECS through modulation of XIST/miR-221-3p/TRAF6 axis. Cell. Signal., 2020, 76, 109781. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109781 PMID: 32947021
  91. Niture, S.; Moore, J.; Kumar, D. TNFAIP8: Inflammation, immunity and human diseases. J. Cell. Immunol., 2019, 1(2), 29-34. PMID: 31723944
  92. Ji, P.; Song, X.; Lv, Z. Knockdown of circ_0004104 alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by regulating miR-100/TNFAIP8 axis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(2), 269-279. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001063 PMID: 34554678
  93. Huang, X.; Li, Y.; Li, X.; Fan, D.; Xin, H.B.; Fu, M. TRIM14 promotes endothelial activation via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. J. Mol. Cell Biol., 2020, 12(3), 176-189. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz040 PMID: 31070748
  94. Zhang, C.; Wang, L.; Shen, Y. Circ_0004104 knockdown alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells through targeting miR-328-3p/TRIM14 axis in atherosclerosis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 2021, 21(1), 207. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-02012-7 PMID: 33892646
  95. Budai, M.M.; Varga, A.; Milesz, S.; Tőzsér, J.; Benkő, S. Aloe vera downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. Mol. Immunol., 2013, 56(4), 471-479. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.005 PMID: 23911403
  96. Cheng, J.; Liu, Q.; Hu, N.; Zheng, F.; Zhang, X.; Ni, Y.; Liu, J. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0068087 ameliorates TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction in high glucose conditioned by sponging miR-197. Gene, 2019, 709, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.012 PMID: 31108165
  97. Verhoef, P.A.; Kertesy, S.B.; Lundberg, K.; Kahlenberg, J.M.; Dubyak, G.R. Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor. J. Immunol., 2005, 175(11), 7623-7634. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7623 PMID: 16301672
  98. Tang, T.; Lang, X.; Xu, C.; Wang, X.; Gong, T.; Yang, Y.; Cui, J.; Bai, L.; Wang, J.; Jiang, W.; Zhou, R. CLICs-dependent chloride efflux is an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1), 202. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00227-x PMID: 28779175
  99. Peng, H.; Sun, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhong, Y. Circ-USP9X inhibition reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein–induced endothelial cell injury via the microRNA 599/Chloride intracellular channel 4 axis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(4), 560-571. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001104 PMID: 34269702
  100. Jing, B.; Hui, Z. Circular RNA_0033596 aggravates endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein via microRNA-217-5p/chloride intracellular channel 4 axis. Bioengineered, 2022, 13(2), 3410-3421. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2027062 PMID: 35081862
  101. Shao, X.; Liu, Z.; Liu, S.; Lin, N.; Deng, Y. Astragaloside IV alleviates atherosclerosis through targeting circ_0000231/miR-135a-5p/CLIC4 axis in AS cell model in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2021, 476(4), 1783-1795. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-04035-8 PMID: 33439448
  102. Zhaolin, Z.; Guohua, L.; Shiyuan, W.; Zuo, W. Role of pyroptosis in cardiovascular disease. Cell Prolif., 2019, 52(2), e12563. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12563 PMID: 30525268
  103. Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Bai, X.; Lin, Y.; Li, Z.; Fu, J.; Li, M.; Zhao, T.; Yang, H.; Xu, R.; Li, J.; Ju, J.; Cai, B.; Xu, C.; Yang, B. Melatonin prevents endothelial cell pyroptosis via regulation of long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis. J. Pineal Res., 2018, 64(2), e12449. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12449 PMID: 29024030
  104. Song, Y.; Yang, L.; Guo, R.; Lu, N.; Shi, Y.; Wang, X. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes high glucose-induced human endothelial cells pyroptosis by affecting NLRP3 expression through competitively binding miR-22. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2019, 509(2), 359-366. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.139 PMID: 30591217
  105. Ge, Y.; Liu, W.; Yin, W.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Zhu, X.; Xu, S. Circular RNA circ_0090231 promotes atherosclerosis in vitro by enhancing NLR family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated pyroptosis of endothelial cells. Bioengineered, 2021, 12(2), 10837-10848. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1989260 PMID: 34637670
  106. Zhou, R.; Tardivel, A.; Thorens, B.; Choi, I.; Tschopp, J. Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. Nat. Immunol., 2010, 11(2), 136-140. doi: 10.1038/ni.1831 PMID: 20023662
  107. Chen, G.; Li, Y.; Zhang, A.; Gao, L.; Circular, RNA. Circ-BANP regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cell injury through targeting the miR-370/thioredoxin-interacting protein axis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 77(3), 349-359. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000964 PMID: 33298736
  108. Lei, X.; Yang, Y. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein contributes to injury of endothelial cells via the circ_0090231/miR-9-5p/TXNIP axis. Cent. Eur. J. Immunol., 2022, 47(1), 41-57. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2021.112521 PMID: 35600155
  109. Zhang, L.; Yuan, M.; Zhang, L.; Wu, B.; Sun, X. Adiponectin alleviates NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting FoxO4 in arteriosclerosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2019, 514(1), 266-272. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.143 PMID: 31030940
  110. Mao, X.; Wang, L.; Chen, C.; Tao, L.; Ren, S.; Zhang, L. Circ_0124644 enhances ox-LDL-induced cell damages in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through up-regulating FOXO4 by sponging miR-370-3p. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 2022, 81(2), 135-147. doi: 10.3233/CH-211375 PMID: 35570481
  111. Fu, X.; Sun, Z.; Long, Q.; Tan, W.; Ding, H.; Liu, X.; Wu, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, W. Glycosides from Buyang Huanwu Decoction inhibit atherosclerotic inflammation via JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Phytomedicine, 2022, 105, 154385. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154385 PMID: 35987015
  112. Ortiz-Muñoz, G.; Martin-Ventura, J.L.; Hernandez-Vargas, P.; Mallavia, B.; Lopez-Parra, V.; Lopez-Franco, O.; Muñoz-Garcia, B.; Fernandez-Vizarra, P.; Ortega, L.; Egido, J.; Gomez-Guerrero, C. Suppressors of cytokine signaling modulate JAK/STAT-mediated cell responses during atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2009, 29(4), 525-531. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.173781 PMID: 19164812
  113. Li, S.; Sun, Y.; Zhong, L.; Xiao, Z.; Yang, M.; Chen, M.; Wang, C.; Xie, X.; Chen, X. The suppression of ox-LDL-induced inflammatory cytokine release and apoptosis of HCAECs by long non-coding RNA-MALAT1 via regulating microRNA-155/SOCS1 pathway. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2018, 28(11), 1175-1187. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.017 PMID: 30314869
  114. Wang, R.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, L.; Lin, Y.; Yang, X.; Bai, L.; Chen, Y.; Zhao, S.; Fan, J.; Cheng, X.; Liu, E. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 suppresses oxidized LDL-induced cell responses during atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6(1), 36790. doi: 10.1038/srep36790 PMID: 27845432
  115. Zhou, Q.; Run, Q.; Li, C.Y.; Xiong, X.Y.; Wu, X.L. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes STAT3-mediated endothelial inflammation by counteracting the function of miR-590. Cytogenet. Genome Res., 2020, 160(10), 565-578. doi: 10.1159/000509811 PMID: 33022677
  116. Cremer, S.; Michalik, K.M.; Fischer, A.; Pfisterer, L.; Jaé, N.; Winter, C.; Boon, R.A.; Muhly-Reinholz, M.; John, D.; Uchida, S.; Weber, C.; Poller, W.; Günther, S.; Braun, T.; Li, D.Y.; Maegdefessel, L.; Perisic Matic, L.; Hedin, U.; Soehnlein, O.; Zeiher, A.; Dimmeler, S. Hematopoietic deficiency of the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes atherosclerosis and plaque inflammation. Circulation, 2019, 139(10), 1320-1334. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029015 PMID: 30586743
  117. Chen, P.Y.; Qin, L.; Li, G.; Wang, Z.; Dahlman, J.E.; Malagon-Lopez, J.; Gujja, S.; Cilfone, N.A.; Kauffman, K.J.; Sun, L.; Sun, H.; Zhang, X.; Aryal, B.; Canfran-Duque, A.; Liu, R.; Kusters, P.; Sehgal, A.; Jiao, Y.; Anderson, D.G.; Gulcher, J.; Fernandez-Hernando, C.; Lutgens, E.; Schwartz, M.A.; Pober, J.S.; Chittenden, T.W.; Tellides, G.; Simons, M. Endothelial TGF-β signalling drives vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Nat. Metab., 2019, 1(9), 912-926. doi: 10.1038/s42255-019-0102-3 PMID: 31572976
  118. Singh, N.; Ramji, D. The role of transforming growth factor-β in atherosclerosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 2006, 17(6), 487-499. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.09.002 PMID: 17056295
  119. Huang, S.P.; Guan, X.; Kai, G.Y.; Xu, Y.Z.; Xu, Y.; Wang, H.J.; Pang, T.; Zhang, L.Y.; Liu, Y. Broussonin E suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via inhibiting MAPK pathway and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2019, 17(5), 372-380. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(19)30043-3 PMID: 31171272
  120. Chen, D.; Wang, K.; Zheng, Y.; Wang, G.; Jiang, M. Exosomes-mediated LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 facilitates cell injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 Axis through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 77(4), 480-490. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000974 PMID: 33818551
  121. Bryk, D.; Olejarz, W.; Zapolska-Downar, D. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in atherosclerosis. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw., 2014, 68, 10-22. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in atherosclerosis doi: 10.5604/17322693.1085463
  122. Zhao, J.; Xu, S.; Liu, J. Fibrinopeptide A induces C‐reactive protein expression through the ROS‐ERK1/2/p38‐NF‐κB signal pathway in the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol., 2019, 234(8), 13481-13492. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28027 PMID: 30633345
  123. Wang, L.; Qi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Tang, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Tang, S.; Zhu, H. LncRNA MALAT1 suppression protects endothelium against oxLDL-induced inflammation via inhibiting expression of MiR-181b target gene TOX. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2019, 2019, 1-11. doi: 10.1155/2019/8245810 PMID: 31949884
  124. Li, K.; Gesang, L.; Dan, Z.; Gusang, L. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals the protection against hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in the intestine of tibetans via the inhibition of GRB2/EGFR/PTPN11 pathways. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2016, 2016, 1-13. doi: 10.1155/2016/6967396 PMID: 27594973
  125. Guo, J.; Li, J.; Zhang, J.; Guo, X.; Liu, H.; Li, P.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, C.; Fan, Z. LncRNA PVT1 knockdown alleviated ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis by miR-153-3p/GRB2 axis via ERK/p38 pathway. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2021, 31(12), 3508-3521. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.031 PMID: 34627697
  126. Newby, A.C. Metalloproteinase production from macrophages - a perfect storm leading to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and myocardial infarction. Exp. Physiol., 2016, 101(11), 1327-1337. doi: 10.1113/EP085567 PMID: 26969796
  127. Boutilier, A.J.; Elsawa, S.F. Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(13), 6995. doi: 10.3390/ijms22136995 PMID: 34209703
  128. Orecchioni, M.; Ghosheh, Y.; Pramod, A.B.; Ley, K. Macrophage polarization: Different gene signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. classically and M2(LPS–) vs. alternatively activated macrophages. Front. Immunol., 2019, 10, 1084. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01084 PMID: 31178859
  129. Yang, S.; Yuan, H.Q.; Hao, Y.M.; Ren, Z.; Qu, S.L.; Liu, L.S.; Wei, D.H.; Tang, Z.H.; Zhang, J.F.; Jiang, Z.S. Macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2020, 501, 142-146. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.034 PMID: 31730809
  130. Gao, X.; Ge, J.; Li, W.; Zhou, W.; Xu, L. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 ameliorates particle-induced osteolysis through inducing macrophage polarization by inhibiting miR-21a-5p. Biol. Chem., 2018, 399(4), 375-386. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0215 PMID: 29252185
  131. Cho, K.Y.; Miyoshi, H.; Kuroda, S.; Yasuda, H.; Kamiyama, K.; Nakagawara, J.; Takigami, M.; Kondo, T.; Atsumi, T. The phenotype of infiltrating macrophages influences arteriosclerotic plaque vulnerability in the carotid artery. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis., 2013, 22(7), 910-918. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.020 PMID: 23273713
  132. Ye, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, D.; Yuan, H. LncRBA GSA5, up-regulated by ox-LDL, aggravates inflammatory response and MMP expression in THP-1 macrophages by acting like a sponge for miR-221. Exp. Cell Res., 2018, 369(2), 348-355. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.039 PMID: 29859752
  133. Li, T.; Ding, L.; Wang, Y.; Yang, O.; Wang, S.; Kong, J. Genetic deficiency of Phactr1 promotes atherosclerosis development via facilitating M1 macrophage polarization and foam cell formation. Clin. Sci., 2020, 134(17), 2353-2368. doi: 10.1042/CS20191241 PMID: 32857129
  134. Wang, L.; Zheng, Z.; Feng, X.; Zang, X.; Ding, W.; Wu, F.; Zhao, Q. circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in oxidized, low-density, lipoprotein-induced foam cells. DNA Cell Biol., 2019, 38(12), 1499-1511. doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.4865 PMID: 31804889
  135. Wang, X.; Bai, M. CircTM7SF3 contributes to oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress through targeting miR-206/ASPH axis in atherosclerosis cell model in vitro. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 2021, 21(1), 51. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01800-x PMID: 33526034
  136. Li, Y.; He, P.P.; Zhang, D.W.; Zheng, X.L.; Cayabyab, F.S.; Yin, W.D.; Tang, C.K. Lipoprotein lipase: From gene to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 2014, 237(2), 597-608. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.016 PMID: 25463094
  137. Zhen, Z.; Ren, S.; Ji, H.; Ding, X.; Zou, P.; Lu, J. The lncRNA DAPK-IT1 regulates cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response in macrophages and promotes atherogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2019, 516(4), 1234-1241. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.113 PMID: 31300197
  138. Martinet, W.; Coornaert, I.; Puylaert, P.; De Meyer, G.R.Y. Macrophage death as a pharmacological target in atherosclerosis. Front. Pharmacol., 2019, 10, 306. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00306 PMID: 31019462
  139. Boada-Romero, E.; Martinez, J.; Heckmann, B.L.; Green, D.R. The clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2020, 21(7), 398-414. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-0232-1 PMID: 32251387
  140. Kourtzelis, I.; Hajishengallis, G.; Chavakis, T. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in resolution of inflammation. Front. Immunol., 2020, 11, 553. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00553 PMID: 32296442
  141. Linton, M.F.; Babaev, V.R.; Huang, J.; Linton, E.F.; Tao, H.; Yancey, P.G. Macrophage apoptosis and efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circ. J., 2016, 80(11), 2259-2268. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0924 PMID: 27725526
  142. Mueller, P.A.; Kojima, Y.; Huynh, K.T.; Maldonado, R.A.; Ye, J.; Tavori, H.; Pamir, N.; Leeper, N.J.; Fazio, S. Macrophage LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) is required for the effect of CD47 blockade on efferocytosis and atherogenesis—brief report. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2022, 42(1), e1-e9. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316854 PMID: 34758632
  143. Ye, Z.; Yang, S.; Xia, Y.; Hu, R.; Chen, S.; Li, B.; Chen, S.; Luo, X.; Mao, L.; Li, Y.; Jin, H.; Qin, C.; Hu, B. LncRNA MIAT sponges miR-149-5p to inhibit efferocytosis in advanced atherosclerosis through CD47 up-regulation. Cell Death Dis., 2019, 10(2), 138. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1409-4 PMID: 30755588
  144. González-Navarro, H.; Abu Nabah, Y.N.; Vinué, Á.; Andrés-Manzano, M.J.; Collado, M.; Serrano, M.; Andrés, V. p19(ARF) deficiency reduces macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and aggravates atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2010, 55(20), 2258-2268. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.026 PMID: 20381282
  145. Yan, L.; Liu, Z.; Yin, H.; Guo, Z.; Luo, Q. Silencing of MEG3 inhibited ox‐LDL‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in macrophages via modulation of the MEG3/miR‐204/CDKN2A regulatory axis. Cell Biol. Int., 2019, 43(4), 409-420. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11105 PMID: 30672051
  146. An, J.H.; Chen, Z.Y.; Ma, Q.L.; Wang, H.J.; Zhang, J.Q.; Shi, F.W. LncRNA SNHG16 promoted proliferation and inflammatory response of macrophages through miR-17-5p/NF-κB signaling pathway in patients with atherosclerosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmaco, 2019, 23(19), 8665-8677. PMID: 31646601
  147. Shi, Z.; Zheng, Z.; Lin, X.; Ma, H. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates the progression of atherosclerosis by miR-330-5p/NF-κB signal pathway. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(2), 235-246. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001061 PMID: 34554676
  148. Liu, J.; Huang, G.Q.; Ke, Z.P. Silence of long intergenic noncoding RNA HOTAIR ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation response in ox‐LDL‐treated human macrophages by up-regulating miR‐330‐5p. J. Cell. Physiol., 2019, 234(4), 5134-5142. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27317 PMID: 30187491
  149. Jarosz, M.; Olbert, M.; Wyszogrodzka, G.; Młyniec, K.; Librowski, T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling. Inflammopharmacology, 2017, 25(1), 11-24. doi: 10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4 PMID: 28083748
  150. He, L.; Zhao, X.; He, L. LINC01140 alleviates the oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via suppressing miR-23b. Inflammation, 2020, 43(1), 66-73. doi: 10.1007/s10753-019-01094-y PMID: 31748847
  151. He, Q.; Shao, D.; Hao, S.; Yuan, Y.; Liu, H.; Liu, F.; Mu, Q. CircSCAP aggravates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage injury by up-regulating PDE3B by miR-221-5p in atherosclerosis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(5), e749-e760. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001118 PMID: 34321402
  152. Wen, L.; Yang, Q.H.; Ma, X.L.; Li, T.; Xiao, S.; Sun, C.F. Inhibition of TNFAIP1 ameliorates the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulation of Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2021, 99, 107993. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107993 PMID: 34330059
  153. Xu, C.; Chen, L.; Wang, R.J.; Meng, J. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibits ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in THP-1 macrophages through the miR-137/TNFAIP1 axis. Cytokine, 2022, 155, 155912. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155912 PMID: 35598525
  154. Han, Y.; Ma, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, L. Silencing of H19 inhibits the adipogenesis and inflammation response in ox-LDL-treated Raw264.7 cells by up-regulating miR-130b. Mol. Immunol., 2018, 93, 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.017 PMID: 29172088
  155. Liang, H.; Yang, K.; Xin, M.; Liu, X.; Zhao, L.; Liu, B.; Wang, J. MiR-130a protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced glomerular cell injury by up-regulation of Klotho. Pharmazie, 2017, 72(8), 468-474. PMID: 29441906
  156. Zhang, Y.; Lu, X.; Yang, M.; Shangguan, J.; Yin, Y. GAS5 knockdown suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in macrophages by sponging miR-135a. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2021, 476(2), 949-957. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-03962-w PMID: 33128668
  157. Du, X.J.; Lu, J.M. MiR‐135a represses oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory events viatargeting toll‐like receptor 4 in atherogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem., 2018, 119(7), 6154-6161. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26819 PMID: 29663503
  158. Huynh, D.T.N.; Heo, K.S. Role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in progression of atherosclerosis. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2021, 44(12), 1051-1061. doi: 10.1007/s12272-021-01360-4 PMID: 34743301
  159. Lee, H.S.; Yun, S.J.; Ha, J.M.; Jin, S.Y.; Ha, H.K.; Song, S.H.; Kim, C.D.; Bae, S.S. Prostaglandin D2 stimulates phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp. Mol. Med., 2019, 51(11), 1-10. doi: 10.1038/s12276-019-0330-3 PMID: 31735914
  160. Bennett, M.R.; Sinha, S.; Owens, G.K. Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Circ. Res., 2016, 118(4), 692-702. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306361 PMID: 26892967
  161. Wang, Y.; Dubland, J.A.; Allahverdian, S.; Asonye, E.; Sahin, B.; Jaw, J.E.; Sin, D.D.; Seidman, M.A.; Leeper, N.J.; Francis, G.A. Smooth muscle cells contribute the majority of foam cells in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mouse atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2019, 39(5), 876-887. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312434 PMID: 30786740
  162. Peng, N.; Liu, J.; Gao, D.; Lin, R.; Li, R. Angiotensin II-induced C-reactive protein generation: Inflammatory role of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 2007, 193(2), 292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.007 PMID: 17055513
  163. Allahverdian, S.; Chaabane, C.; Boukais, K.; Francis, G.A.; Bochaton-Piallat, M.L. Smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Res., 2018, 114(4), 540-550. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy022 PMID: 29385543
  164. Qi, M.; Xin, S. FGF signaling contributes to atherosclerosis by enhancing the inflammatory response in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol. Med. Rep., 2019, 20(1), 162-170. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10249 PMID: 31115530
  165. Ananyeva, N.M.; Tjurmin, A.V.; Berliner, J.A.; Chisolm, G.M.; Liau, G.; Winkles, J.A.; Haudenschild, C.C. Oxidized LDL mediates the release of fibroblast growth factor-1. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17(3), 445-453. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.17.3.445 PMID: 9102162
  166. Zhang, L.; Cheng, H.; Yue, Y.; Li, S.; Zhang, D.; He, R. TUG1 knockdown ameliorates atherosclerosis via up-regulating the expression of miR-133a target gene FGF1. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2018, 33, 6-15. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.11.004 PMID: 29268138
  167. Abid, M.R.; Yano, K.; Guo, S.; Patel, V.I.; Shrikhande, G.; Spokes, K.C.; Ferran, C.; Aird, W.C. Forkhead transcription factors inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. J. Biol. Chem., 2005, 280(33), 29864-29873. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M502149200 PMID: 15961397
  168. Brown, J.; Wang, H.; Suttles, J.; Graves, D.T.; Martin, M. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory response viaFoxO1. J. Biol. Chem., 2011, 286(52), 44295-44305. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.258053 PMID: 22045807
  169. Li, X.; Li, L.; Dong, X.; Ding, J.; Ma, H.; Han, W. Circ_GRN promotes the proliferation, migration, and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis through miR-214-3p/FOXO1 axis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 77(4), 470-479. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000982 PMID: 33818550
  170. Urrego, D.; Tomczak, A.P.; Zahed, F.; Stühmer, W.; Pardo, L.A. Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 2014, 369(1638), 20130094. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0094 PMID: 24493742
  171. Lao, K.H.; Zeng, L.; Xu, Q. Endothelial and smooth muscle cell transformation in atherosclerosis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2015, 26(5), 449-456. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000219 PMID: 26218417
  172. Zhang, P.; Wang, W.; Li, M. Circ_0010283/miR-377-3p/Cyclin D1 axis is associated with proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2021, 78(3), 437-447. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001076 PMID: 34516453
  173. Luftman, K.; Hasan, N.; Day, P.; Hardee, D.; Hu, C. Silencing of VAMP3 inhibits cell migration and integrin-mediated adhesion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2009, 380(1), 65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.036 PMID: 19159614
  174. Zhu, J.J.; Liu, Y.F.; Zhang, Y.P.; Zhao, C.R.; Yao, W.J.; Li, Y.S.; Wang, K.C.; Huang, T.S.; Pang, W.; Wang, X.F.; Wang, X.; Chien, S.; Zhou, J. VAMP3 and SNAP23 mediate the disturbed flow-induced endothelial microRNA secretion and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2017, 114(31), 8271-8276. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700561114 PMID: 28716920
  175. Li, R.; Jiang, Q.; Zheng, Y. Circ_0002984 induces proliferation, migration and inflammation response of VSMCs induced by ox‐LDL through miR 326‐3p/VAMP3 axis in atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2021, 25(16), 8028-8038. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16734 PMID: 34169652
  176. Burger, F.; Baptista, D.; Roth, A.; da Silva, R.F.; Montecucco, F.; Mach, F.; Brandt, K.J.; Miteva, K. NLRP3 inflammasome activation controls vascular smooth muscle cells phenotypic switch in atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 23(1), 340. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010340 PMID: 35008765
  177. Chhibber-Goel, J.; Singhal, V.; Bhowmik, D.; Vivek, R.; Parakh, N.; Bhargava, B.; Sharma, A. Linkages between oral commensal bacteria and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease patients. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 2016, 2(1), 7. doi: 10.1038/s41522-016-0009-7 PMID: 28649401
  178. Suh, J.S.; Kim, S.; Boström, K.I.; Wang, C.Y.; Kim, R.H.; Park, N.H. Periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation exacerbates atherosclerosis partly via endothelial–mesenchymal transition in mice. Int. J. Oral Sci., 2019, 11(3), 21. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0054-1 PMID: 31257363
  179. Liu, J.; Wang, Y.; Liao, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, J. Circular RNA PPP1CC promotes Porphyromonas gingivalis -lipopolysaccharide-induced pyroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the HMGB1/TLR9/AIM2 pathway. J. Int. Med. Res., 2021, 49(3) doi: 10.1177/0300060521996564 PMID: 33769113
  180. Lin, Y.; Huang, H.; Yu, Y.; Zhu, F.; Xiao, W.; Yang, Z.; Shao, L.; Shen, Z. Long non-coding RNA RP11-465L10.10 promotes vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switching and MMP9 expression viathe NF-κB pathway. Ann. Transl. Med., 2021, 9(24), 1776. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-6402 PMID: 35071470
  181. Ye, B.; Wu, Z.; Tsui, T.Y.; Zhang, B.; Su, X.; Qiu, Y.; Zheng, X. lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 suppresses the inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through iκba in intimal hyperplasia. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 2020, 20, 62-72. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.032 PMID: 32146419
  182. Kong, P.; Yu, Y.; Wang, L.; Dou, Y.Q.; Zhang, X.H.; Cui, Y.; Wang, H.Y.; Yong, Y.T.; Liu, Y.B.; Hu, H.J.; Cui, W.; Sun, S.G.; Li, B.H.; Zhang, F.; Han, M. circ-Sirt1 controls NF-κB activation via sequence-specific interaction and enhancement of SIRT1 expression by binding to miR-132/212 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 2019, 47(7), 3580-3593. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz141 PMID: 30820544
  183. Wang, F.; Liu, Z.; Park, S.H.; Gwag, T.; Lu, W.; Ma, M.; Sui, Y.; Zhou, C. Myeloid β-catenin deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2018, 38(7), 1468-1478. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311059 PMID: 29724817
  184. Marchand, A.; Atassi, F.; Gaaya, A.; Leprince, P.; Le Feuvre, C.; Soubrier, F.; Lompré, A.M.; Nadaud, S. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is activated during advanced arterial aging in humans. Aging Cell, 2011, 10(2), 220-232. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00661.x PMID: 21108734
  185. Sun, H.; Feng, J.; Ma, Y.; Cai, D.; Luo, Y.; Wang, Q.; Li, F.; Zhang, M.; Hu, Q. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Down-regulation of microRNA-342-5p or Up-regulation of Wnt3a Inhibits Angiogenesis and Maintains Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis Mice. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2021, 16(1), 165. doi: 10.1186/s11671-021-03608-w PMID: 34807315
  186. Zhuang, J.B.; Li, T.; Hu, X.M.; Ning, M.; Gao, W.Q.; Lang, Y.H.; Zheng, W.F.; Wei, J. Circ_CHFR expedites cell growth, migration and inflammation in ox-LDL-treated human vascular smooth muscle cells via the miR-214-3p/Wnt3/β-catenin pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmaco, 2020, 24(6), 3282-3292. PMID: 32271446
  187. Zhao, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, W.; Xu, Y. A myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2021, 206(1), 12-27. doi: 10.1111/cei.13634 PMID: 34109619
  188. Gil-Pulido, J.; Zernecke, A. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2017, 816, 25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.016 PMID: 28822856
  189. Chen, L.; Hu, L.; Zhu, X.; Wang, Y.; Li, Q.; Ma, J.; Li, H. MALAT1 overexpression attenuates AS by inhibiting ox-LDL-stimulated dendritic cell maturation via miR-155-5p/NFIA axis. Cell Cycle, 2020, 19(19), 2472-2485. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1807094 PMID: 32840181
  190. Zhu, J.; Chen, Z.; Peng, X.; Zheng, Z.; Le, A.; Guo, J.; Ma, L.; Shi, H.; Yao, K.; Zhang, S.; Ge, J.; Zheng, Z.; Wang, Q. Extracellular vesicle-derived circitgb1 regulates dendritic cell maturation and cardiac inflammation via miR-342-3p/NFAM1. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2022, 2022, 1-23. doi: 10.1155/2022/8392313 PMID: 35615580
  191. Poller, W.; Dimmeler, S.; Heymans, S.; Zeller, T.; Haas, J.; Karakas, M.; Leistner, D.M.; Jakob, P.; Nakagawa, S.; Blankenberg, S.; Engelhardt, S.; Thum, T.; Weber, C.; Meder, B.; Hajjar, R.; Landmesser, U. Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Eur. Heart J., 2018, 39(29), 2704-2716. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx165 PMID: 28430919
  192. Li, L.; Wang, L.; Li, H.; Han, X.; Chen, S.; Yang, B.; Hu, Z.; Zhu, H.; Cai, C.; Chen, J.; Li, X.; Huang, J.; Gu, D. Characterization of LncRNA expression profile and identification of novel LncRNA biomarkers to diagnose coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 2018, 275, 359-367. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.866 PMID: 30015300
  193. Chen, L.; Qu, H.; Guo, M.; Zhang, Y.; Cui, Y.; Yang, Q.; Bai, R.; Shi, D. ANRIL and atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 2020, 45(2), 240-248. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13060 PMID: 31703157
  194. Zhang, Z.; Gao, W.; Long, Q.Q.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.F. liu, D.C.; Yan, J.J.; Yang, Z.J.; Wang, L.S. Increased plasma levels of lncRNA H19 and LIPCAR are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 7491. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07611-z PMID: 28790415
  195. Altesha, M.A.; Ni, T.; Khan, A.; Liu, K.; Zheng, X. Circular RNA in cardiovascular disease. J. Cell. Physiol., 2019, 234(5), 5588-5600. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27384 PMID: 30341894
  196. Liang, B.; Li, M.; Deng, Q.; Wang, C.; Rong, J.; He, S.; Xiang, Y.; Zheng, F. CircRNA ZNF609 in peripheral blood leukocytes acts as a protective factor and a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease. Ann. Transl. Med., 2020, 8(12), 741. doi: 10.21037/atm-19-4728 PMID: 32647666
  197. Jiang, Y.; Du, T. Relation of circulating lncRNA GAS5 and miR‐21 with biochemical indexes, stenosis severity, and inflammatory cytokines in coronary heart disease patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 2022, 36(2), e24202. doi: 10.1002/jcla.24202 PMID: 34997773
  198. Ayada, K.; Yokota, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Shoenfeld, Y.; Matsuura, E.; Oguma, K. Chronic infections and atherosclerosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2007, 1108(1), 594-602. doi: 10.1196/annals.1422.062 PMID: 17894024
  199. Teng, L.; Meng, R. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 promotes acute cerebral infarction through miRNAs-Mediated hs-CRP regulation. J. Mol. Neurosci., 2019, 69(3), 494-504. doi: 10.1007/s12031-019-01384-y PMID: 31342266
  200. van Leuven, S.I.; Kastelein, J.J.P. Atorvastatin. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2005, 6(7), 1191-1203. doi: 10.1517/14656566.6.7.1191 PMID: 15957972
  201. Björnsson, E.S. Hepatotoxicity of statins and other lipid-lowering agents. Liver Int., 2017, 37(2), 173-178. doi: 10.1111/liv.13308 PMID: 27860156
  202. Ye, Y.; Zhao, X.; Lu, Y.; Long, B.; Zhang, S. Varinostat alters gene expression profiles in aortic tissues from ApoE −/– Mice. Hum. Gene Ther. Clin. Dev., 2018, 29(4), 214-225. doi: 10.1089/humc.2018.141 PMID: 30284929
  203. Petrucci, G.; Rizzi, A.; Hatem, D.; Tosti, G.; Rocca, B.; Pitocco, D. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic diseases. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(7), 1408. doi: 10.3390/antiox11071408 PMID: 35883899
  204. Liu, Z.; Gan, L.; Xu, Y.; Luo, D.; Ren, Q.; Wu, S.; Sun, C. Melatonin alleviates inflammasome-induced pyroptosis through inhibiting NF-κB/GSDMD signal in mice adipose tissue. J. Pineal Res., 2017, 63(1), e12414. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12414 PMID: 28398673
  205. Song, X.; Tan, L.; Wang, M.; Ren, C.; Guo, C.; Yang, B.; Ren, Y.; Cao, Z.; Li, Y.; Pei, J. Myricetin: A review of the most recent research. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2021, 134, 111017. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111017 PMID: 33338751
  206. Yang, L.J.; Jeng, C.J.; Kung, H.N.; Chang, C.C.; Wang, A.G.; Chau, G.Y.; Don, M.J.; Chau, Y.P. Tanshinone IIA isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza elicits the cell death of human endothelial cells. J. Biomed. Sci., 2005, 12(2), 347-361. doi: 10.1007/s11373-005-0973-z PMID: 15917998
  207. Zhu, J.; Xu, Y.; Ren, G.; Hu, X.; Wang, C.; Yang, Z.; Li, Z.; Mao, W.; Lu, D.; Tanshinone, I.I.A.; Tanshinone, IIA. Sodium sulfonate regulates antioxidant system, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by downregulation of CLIC1. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2017, 815, 427-436. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.047 PMID: 28970012
  208. Chen, W.; Guo, S.; Li, X.; Song, N.; Wang, D.; Yu, R. The regulated profile of noncoding RNAs associated with inflammation by tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020, 108(1), 243-252. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MA0320-327RRR PMID: 32337768
  209. Kong, X.L.; Lyu, Q.; Zhang, Y.Q.; Kang, D.F.; Li, C.; Zhang, L.; Gao, Z.C.; Liu, X.X.; Wu, J.B.; Li, Y.L. Effect of astragaloside IV and salvianolic acid B on antioxidant stress and vascular endothelial protection in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on metabonomics. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2022, 20(8), 601-613. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(22)60186-9 PMID: 36031232
  210. Fan, S.; Hu, Y.; You, Y.; Xue, W.; Chai, R.; Zhang, X.; Shou, X.; Shi, J. Role of resveratrol in inhibiting pathological cardiac remodeling. Front. Pharmacol., 2022, 13, 924473. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924473 PMID: 36120366
  211. Chen, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Peng, J. Resveratrol protects against ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis via depending on circ_0091822/miR-106b-5p-mediated up-regulation of TLR4. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 2022, 44(6), 915-924. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2093740 PMID: 35736860
  212. Wu, Y.; Zhang, F.; Li, X.; Hou, W.; Zhang, S.; Feng, Y.; Lu, R.; Ding, Y.; Sun, L. Systematic analysis of lncRNA expression profiles and atherosclerosis-associated lncRNA-mRNA network revealing functional lncRNAs in carotid atherosclerotic rabbit models. Funct. Integr. Genomics, 2020, 20(1), 103-115. doi: 10.1007/s10142-019-00705-z PMID: 31392586
  213. Wang, X. A PCR-based platform for microRNA expression profiling studies. RNA, 2009, 15(4), 716-723. doi: 10.1261/rna.1460509 PMID: 19218553
  214. Hung, J.H.; Weng, Z. Analysis of microarray and RNA-seq expression profiling data. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc., 2017, 2017(3) pdb.top093104. doi: 10.1101/pdb.top093104 PMID: 27574194
  215. Wang, L.; Long, H.; Zheng, Q.; Bo, X.; Xiao, X.; Li, B. Circular RNA circRHOT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by initiation of NR2F6 expression. Mol. Cancer, 2019, 18(1), 119. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-1046-7 PMID: 31324186
  216. Chen, J.; Huang, X.; Wang, W.; Xie, H.; Li, J.; Hu, Z.; Zheng, Z.; Li, H.; Teng, L. LncRNA CDKN2BAS predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes metastasis via the miR-153-5p/ARHGAP18 signaling axis. Aging., 2018, 10(11), 3371-3381. doi: 10.18632/aging.101645 PMID: 30510148

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载

版权所有 © Bentham Science Publishers, 2024