Microstructure of Ferritic-Martensitic Steel Irradiated by Krypton Ions

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Abstract

The results of the microstructure development study of ferritic/martensitic steel of the 12Cr type are presented. The steel samples were irradiated at 350 °С by 300 keV 84Kr15+ ions up to a fluence of 1 ∙1021 m-2 in a vacuum of about 7 ⋅ 10-4 Pa. The experiment was carried out in relation to the storage of spent nuclear fuel for conditions of gaseous fission products introduction into the fuel cladding. It has been established that krypton implantation develops approximately the same microstructure regardless of the initial state of the sample (conventional heat treatment, namely – normalization followed by high tempering, or annealing at 350 °C for 70 h). Gas porosity is formed in the steel, the features of its development are studied by the depth of the path of the introduced ions using cutting out of TEM objects perpendicular to the irradiated surface. The steel surface is strongly oxidized during irradiation, apparently due to the ballistic effect (“driving” of oxygen atoms into the sample by bombarded ions due to insufficiently vacuum in the target area), since the non-irradiated side of the sample did not oxidize when held for 70 h at 350 °С during irradiation of first side. Based on the experimental results obtained, it was concluded that during storage of spent nuclear fuel under standard conditions stresses should not arise in the cladding of spent fuel rods due to gas swelling.

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About the authors

M. S. Staltsov

MEPhI National Research Nuclear University

Email: i_chernov@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. I. Chernov

MEPhI National Research Nuclear University

Author for correspondence.
Email: i_chernov@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. S. Dikov

Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Email: i_chernov@mail.ru
Kazakhstan, Almaty

L. A. Dikova

Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Email: i_chernov@mail.ru
Kazakhstan, Almaty

S. O. Akaev

Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Email: i_chernov@mail.ru
Kazakhstan, Almaty

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of irradiation and annealing of steel sample in two experiments.

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3. Fig. 2. Surface of the steel sample (Side 2) before (a) and after irradiation with krypton ions, taken at different parts of the surface (b-d).

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4. Fig. 3. TEM images of the microstructure of the sample irradiated with krypton ions (Side 1): dashed line - surface of the sample, arrow - direction of ion embedding.

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5. Fig. 4. Microstructure features of Party 1 in the region of the boundary between the base metal and the new formation on the surface.

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6. Fig. 5. EMF spectra of the sample irradiated with krypton ions at 350 °C for 70 h and annealed at 350 °C for 70 h (Side 1), at point C (see Fig. 4a).

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7. Fig. 6. Microstructure of Party 2 sample after irradiation with krypton ions. The designations are the same as in Figs. 3 and 4.

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