General Hygienic Journal. Editor-in-Chief: Valery Nikolaevich Rakitsky, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Published: 12 times a year, since 1910 Indexing: RSCI, CrossRef, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Scopus, Google Scholar. ISSN: 0016-9900 (Print) ISSN: <a href="General%20Hygienic%20Journal.%20Editor-in-Chief:%20Valery%20Nikolaevich%20Rakitsky,%20Academician%20of%20the%20Russian%20Academy%20of%20Sciences,%20Honored%20Scientist%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation,%20Doctor%20of%20Medical%20Sciences,%20Professor%20Published:%2012%20times%20a%20year,%20since%201910%20Indexing:%20RSCI,%20RSCI%20Core,%20CrossRef,%20RSCI,%20Scopus,%20Google%20Scholar.%20ISSN:%200016-9900%20(Print)%20ISSN:%202412-0650%20(Online)">2412-0650 (Online)
Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman
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Diseases of the circulatory system and life expectancy of men in an industrial region
Introduction. In the Russian Federation, diseases of the circulatory system are leading in the structure of the common incidence and mortality in the adult population, and since 2008, they have also been the leading causes of death among the employable age population. Reducing mortality among the employable age population and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system are the most important target indices of the national project “Healthcare”.Materials and methods. Life expectancy was calculated using an indirect (demographic) method, the contribution of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system by age groups to the differences in life expectancy of men in Kuzbass and subjects of the Russian Federation, and elimination reserves of life expectancy were calculated based on the component method. The age-related mortality rates of the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database were used. To identify the incidence of atherosclerosis of the main arteries, 610 patients aged 47.003±4.875 years were examined.Results. Mortality in Kuzbass men from diseases of the circulatory system is higher in all age groups compared to the Russian Federation, except for 20–29 years. In 2022, the difference in life expectancy with the Russian Federation is 3.30 years, of which 0.79 years is the contribution of diseases of the circulatory system (0.23 years – ischemic heart disease, 0.32 years – cerebrovascular diseases). The elimination reserve associated with the exclusion of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system is 5.78 years. In a random sample, we found a high occurrence of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in men of employable age (61.35%). Arterial hypertension as one of the leading risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis was revealed in almost half of the examined individuals (43.2%).Limitations of the study are related to the duration of the preventive medical examination.Conclusion. Regional features of the life expectancy of Kuzbass men and the impact of mortality from circulatory system diseases, a significant proportion of which is associated with atherosclerosis, have been identified. The elimination of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system promotes an increase in the life expectancy of Kuzbass men by 5.78 years.Compliance with ethical standards. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association (2013 edition), all subjects read and signed informed consent to participate in the study, the protocol of which met the requirements of the Bioethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases” (Protocol of Meeting No. 4, § 1 dated November 18, 2021). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Korotenko O.Yu. – concept and design of the study, collection of material, writing the text; Baran O.I. – data analysis, writing the text. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: June 25, 2025 / Revised: July 14, 2025 / Accepted: July 15, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Effect of polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in combination with a high anthropogenic load on the development of the great obstetrical syndromes
Introduction. Pathological conditions combined under a common term “the great obstetrical syndromes” (preeclampsia, premature birth, fetal egg death or its intrauterine growth retardation) make a significant contribution to infant mortality, affecting the demographic situation in the country. The rate of these pathologies increases in the regions with a high anthropogenic load.The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between the forms of phase II genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system (GSTM1, GSTT1) and major obstetric syndromes in women who are pregnant in an industrial city with a critically high level of air pollution.Materials and methods. A survey of two hundred twenty two pregnant women with the pathological conditions of the great obstetrical syndromes living in the industrial center of Novokuznetsk was conducted. Of these, 39 patient developed preeclampsia, 16 subjects with intrauterine fetal growth retardation, 38 women gave birth to premature babies, 49 cases had fetal egg death at the early stages of development. 80 women with a standard pregnancy were also examined. Variants of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 phase II genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system were determined in all the examined patients by polymerase chain reaction.Results. Deletion polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes have been shown to be reliably associated with the great obstetrical syndromes: intrauterine growth retardation GSTM1 (χ2 – 6.23; OR – 5.23), preeclampsia GSTT1 (χ2 – 4.36; OR – 4.91), a missed miscarriage GSTM1 (χ2 – 8.21; OR – 3.67) and GSTT1 (χ2 – 11.70; OR – 16.86). No connection was found between normal polymorphisms of these genes and the pathologies studied.Limitation. The study was of a pilot nature, so it is advisable to increase the sample.Conclusion. The identified genotypes can be considered as markers of reproductive disorders and used in assessing the risk of the great obstetrical syndromes during pregnancy planning and clinical support for women living in industrial regions with critically high levels of atmospheric pollution to reduce reproductive losses.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol of the Meeting No. 4, § 1 dated 18.11.2021) conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” as amended 2013. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Gulyaeva O.N. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text; Kazitskaya A.S., Ulanova E.V., Yadykina T.K., Tereshkin I.E. – material processing; Zhukova A.G. – editing; Zoteeva A.I., Matoshin S.V. – collection of material; Shramko S.V., Renge L.V. – the study concept, editing. All authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: May 28, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Assessment of the role of heavy metals in the etiology of arterial hypertension in the population
Introduction. Heavy metals (HM) can accumulate in the human body and affect its health, including causing hypertension.The aim of the study was to establish a relationship between the content of lead, cadmium, manganese, and nickel in soil and whole blood in patients with the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) among the adult population of the Kizilyurt region of Dagestan.Materials and methods. Soil sampling was carried out from sites with a homogeneous soil cover, from which mixed soil samples were taken. In each locality, ten soil samples were taken. Whole blood was taken from 10 patients from each 11 localities, from a total of 110 participants aged 18 to 60 years with hypertension pathology. Soil and whole blood analyses for TM content, in 3-fold repetition were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry on an MGA-915MD instrument. Linear regression models were used to study the relationship between HM and AH indicators of the population. The data obtained were processed using Python software (version 3.10.9), K. (version 4.1.2), and the Statistica 6.0 software package. Statistical significance was determined as a p value of less than 0.05.Results. Accumulation of lead in the soils of settlements in the Kizilyurt region was found to vary from 8 mg/kg to 41 mg/kg, which is equivalent to 0.13–0.68 of maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of the mobile form of this element. The content of cadmium is 0.87, manganese is 0.89, and nickel is 0.14 MPC. Statistical analysis of the HM content in the soils of the studied area and data on the prevalence of AH indicates to a direct relationship between the weak strength for cadmium, manganese, nickel and the noticeable strength for lead on the Chaddock scale. When analyzing the whole blood in patients with hypertension, a statistically significant association of lead and cadmium levels with pathology was also found to be of medium and high strength. Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to one-time sampling during one year.Conclusion. This study showed a significant relationship between TM levels and the prevalence of hypertension. The level of TM in the soil can play a significant role in the etiology of hypertension, which indicates a significant impact of the geochemical environment on its development. Therefore, it is important to take into account the content of HMS in soils, since they can enter the human body through the food chain and accumulate, affecting its elemental status.Compliance with ethical standards. Minutes No. 25 of the meeting of the Academic Council of the Dagestan State Medical University dated 02/24/2025. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Khanaliev V.Yu. – concept and design of the study, writing the article, editing the text; Abdulagatov I.M., Mollaeva N.R. – critical revision with the introduction of valuable intellectual content of the text of the article, preparation of the article for publication; Petrosova V.G. – analysis of the material, writing an article, generalization of the data obtained; Yahiyaev M.A., Salikhov Sh.K. – literature review, statistical data processing.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final versionConflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: December 30, 2024 / Revised: March 3, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Emotional component of the quality of life in miners with dust lung pathology
Introduction. Data on the quality of life allows making a more complete picture of the patient, supplementing the diagnosis, characteristics of the disease course, and the general functional state. Of particular importance is the assessment of quality of life in patients with a chronic course of the disease requiring long-term observation and treatment.The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of negative emotional states on the quality of life in miners with dust lung pathology.Materials and methods. The main group included seventy four male miners with dust lung pathology; the average age was 57.2 ± 0.9 years, the average labor experience in harmful working conditions was 28 ± 0.9 years. The comparison group consisted of 105 miners without dust lung pathology and negative emotional states, the average age was 51.5 ± 0.5 years, the average labor experience in harmful working conditions was 25.9 ± 0.6 years. The quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, emotional burnout – the V.V. Boyko questionnaire, personal anxiety – the Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire, psychological type D – the DS14 questionnaire. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 package.Results. Miners with dust lung pathology showed a decline in the indices of life quality according to the scales of physical and mental components. The presence of adverse emotional states in patients with dust lung pathology, such as emotional burnout, high personal anxiety, and psychological type D, leads to a more pronounced decrease in the quality of life in physical (physical functioning and role-based physical functioning) and mental (vitality, social functioning, and role-based functioning due to the emotional state, mental health) components.Limitations. The study is limited by the number of miners examined in the Clinic of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases.Conclusion. Miners with dust lung pathology have a decrease in the indices of life quality, which is significantly aggravated by the presence of concomitant adverse emotional states, which dictates the need to supplement curative and rehabilitative measures with psychotherapeutic correction methods.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol of the Meeting No. 3 § 4 dated November 17, 2022), it was conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as amended in 2013). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Danilov I.P. – concept and design of the study, writing the text; Vlakh N.I. – collection of material, editing the text; Paneva N.Ya., Semenova E.A. – collection of material. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: June 20, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Genetic polymorphisms and risks for developing of occupational pathology (literature review)
Introduction. Currently, the main attention is paid to the detection of genetic diseases, but information on genetic polymorphisms responsible for differences in the human body’s response to the effects of harmful industrial factors is still insufficient. The review systematizes and summarizes contemporary data on the study of genetic polymorphisms as risk markers for the development of occupational diseases (dust lung pathology, chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds and vibration disease). Collecting literary sources was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, and CyberLeninka, using specific keywords and phrases: single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes, occupational diseases, dust lung pathology, vibration disease, miners, chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds, aluminum workers.The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of dust lung pathology in miners. The data on the association of some genetic polymorphisms with the development of dust lung pathology is presented. The connection of a number of genes with the changes in the function of external respiration in subjects working in harmful conditions o It is shown that f coal mining is shown.The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds. Chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds is shown to occupy a leading position in the structure of occupational incidence in aluminum workers, therefore the main polymorphisms associated with the development of this pathology are given.The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of vibration disease. Analysis of literature data on predicting the risk for the development of the vibration disease allowed identifying a number of candidate genes reliably associated with the development of this occupational disease – caspase-8 (CASP8 gene), heat shock protein family 70 (HSPA1B gene), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1 gene).Conclusion. The data presented in the review indicate to the significant contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the development of occupational pathology. Information about the risks for developing occupational diseases contributes to more accurate diagnosis, prevention, postponement, and also reduces the intensity of identified symptoms through timely medical and preventive measures. Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a Biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents.Contribution: Zhukova A.G. – the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing; Kizichenko N.V. – material collection; Yadykina T.K. – material collection; Luzina F.A. – editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: May 21, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Interrelationship between the rs1800469 polymorphic locus of the TGF-β1 gene and a decrease in global longitudinal deformation of the left ventricular myocardium in coal mining workers
Introduction. A significant part of the male population of Kuzbass working in the main occupaions of the coal industry, is exposed to a whole range of harmful factors contributing to the development of industrial-related diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases. The study of profibrogenic factors is extremely relevant due to the high mortality rate of employable people from diseases of the circulatory system. Among the key markers capable of influencing the expression of type I collagen, which is involved in the processes of fibrosis of many tissues, including myocardial tissue, is transforming growth factor β (TGF-β).Aim of the study. To investigate the relationship of the TGF-β1 (-509C/T) polymorphism with a decrease in global longitudinal strain of the left ventricular myocardium in coal mining workers using different coal mining methods. Materials and methods. The study included two hundred eighty men working in the main occupations in mines and coal pits in the South of Kuzbass. The first group consisted of 190 miners engaged in underground coal mining, and the second group included 91 worker from open-pit coal mines. The workers of both groups were divided into sub-groups depending on the disorders of the systolic function of the myocardium in the form of a decrease in global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle. The polymorphic locus of the TGF-β1 gene (rs1800469) was genotyped by Real-Time PCR method using TaqMan probes.Results. Miners with the C/T heterozygous genotype of the rs1800469 polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene have a predisposition to a decrease in global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (OR=1.91; 95% CI (1.03–3.54), p=0.041) with an over-dominant inheritance model, and the carrier state of the C allele in the homozygous condition acts as a protective factor (OR=0.52; 95% CI (0.28–0.97), p=0.038) with the dominant inheritance model. No such patterns have been identified among coal pit workers.Limitations. The study is limited by the number of genes capable of contributing to the development of myocardial fibrosis.Conclusion. The predisposition of miners with the C/T heterozygous genotype of the rs1800469 polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene to a violation of systolic heart function has been established. The C/C homozygous genotype is associated with the resistance to a decrease in global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle. No similar genetic patterns were found in the group of coal pit workers.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases” (Protocol of the Meeting No. 4, §1 dated November 21, 2024) and conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association as amended 2013. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Kazitskaya A.S. – statistical processing, writing the text; Filimonov E.S. – concept and design of the study, editing; Korotenko O.Yu. – collection of material, editing; Yadykina T.K. – collection of material and data processing; Bugaeva M.S. – data processing. All authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 22, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Assessment of risk fors for the development of ischemic heart disease in workers of vibration-hazardous occupations
Introduction. Ischemic heart disease is common in workers exposed to vibration. In this regard, it is important to expand the search for cardiovascular risk factors among workers with vibration-hazardous occupations for timely implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing incidence, disability, and mortality from cardiovascular pathology.The aim of the study was to evaluate industrial and non-industrial risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease in workers of vibration-hazardous occupations in the coal industry.Materials and methods. The study involved one hundred ninety four workers of the main occupations in the coal industry with vibration disease and 118 people without clinical signs of the disease. Clinical, instrumental, and laboratory investigations were conducted to identify ischemic heart disease and risk factors for its development.Results. Workers with vibration disease have been shown to have higher incidence of ischemic heart disease than the comparison group. The most significant non-occupational risk factors for ischemic heart disease in patients with vibration disease were revealed: arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, burdened heredity, hypersthenic constitutional-morphological type according to Rees-Eysenck, increased levels of C-reactive protein, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, hyperuricemia. The occupational risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease in workers with vibration disease were determined: work experience in harmful labor conditions of 25 years or more, the development of the second degree of vibration disease.Limitations. The conducted study is limited to the number of workers exposed to vibration who were examined at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”.Conclusion. The most significant risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease in workers of the main occupations in the coal industry who are exposed to vibration have been identified. During the prophylactic medical examination of patients with vibration disease, it is necessary to arrangement risk groups for the development of ischemic heart disease and elaborate measures for them aimed at correcting modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.Compliance with ethical standards. The examination of patients complied with the ethical standards of the Bioethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases” (Protocol of the Meeting No. 3, §3 dated November 17, 2022), elaborated in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013 edition). All subjects gave written informed consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Panev N.I. – the concept and design of the study, collection and statistical processing of material, writing a text; Korotenko O.Yu. – editing; Filimonov E.S., Martynov I.D. – collection of material, writing a text; Rumpel O.A. – processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: June 21, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Risk factors for the development of pre-stage heart failure in workers of the main occupations in the coal mining industry
Introduction. Heart failure remains in the leading positions in terms of the economic costs of treatment, reducing the quality of life and mortality in the population.Therefore it is necessary to elaborate comprehensive programs for its prevention in employable age, taking into account occupational risks.Materials and methods. The study included four hundred thirty two male employees in the main occupations of the coal mining industry, aged 40–55 years. The average age of the miners was 46.96 ± 0.91, and that of the coal mine workers was 46.90 ± 0.36 years, p=0.902. Echocardiography was performed using a Vivid E9 expert class device. The concentrations of the N-terminal fragment of the precursor of the brain natriuretic peptide and galectin-3 in blood serum were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.Results. The main contribution to the development of heart failure among traditional risk factors was arterial hypertension, the presence of which increased the chance of detecting heart failure by 4 times in miners (OR=3.73; 95% CI (2.15–6.48), p<0.0001) and 3 times in coal mining workers (OR=3.12; 95% DI (1.5–6.48), p<0.0001). In workers with underground working conditions, obesity increased the relative chance of detecting criteria for pre-stage heart failure by 3 times (OR=2.9; 95% CI (1.40–6.00), p=0.003), the association of obesity with sub-clinical heart dysfunction in coal open-cut colliery workers has not been established. Signs of pre-stage heart failure were detected more often in people over 47 years when compared with younger workers of coal mining enterprises.Limitations They are related to the duration and limitation of instrumental research methods in the process of conducting a preventive medical examination.Conclusion. Arterial hypertension and obesity in miners, including visceral obesity, turned out to be the leading traditional risk factors for developing heart failure in coal mining workers. The increase in the incidence of heart failure with age determines the need for an earlier onset of its prevention.Compliance with ethical standards. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association (2013 edition), all subjects read and signed informed consent to participate in the study, the protocol of which met the requirements of the Bioethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol No. 4, §2 dated November 18, 2021).Contribution: Filimonov E.S. – concept and design of the study, statistical processing, writing the text; Korotenko O.Yu. – collection of material, writing the text; Rumpel O.A. – processing of laboratory assays, writing the text. All authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
The search for genetic polymorphisms associated with vibration disease
Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) remains one of the most common occupational pathologies. Identification of molecular genetic markers associated with the development of VD is important for both improving the methodology of assessing occupational risks and developing personalized approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease. However, there is a lack of information on the contribution of genetic aspects to the development of VD. In this work, there was made an assessment of the presence of associations between HTR1B, ADRA2A gene polymorphisms and the risk of VD development.The aim of the study is to assess the presence of associations between polymorphisms of the HTR1B and ADRA2A genes and the risk of developing VD.Materials and methods. The study involved eighty VD patients. The control group consisted of 103 cases without contact with vibration. Polymorphisms rs6298 of the HTR1B gene and rs7090046 of the ADRA2A gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using specific oligonucleotide primers and locus-specific DNA probes in real time.Results. Despite certain trends in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphic loci rs6298 of the HTR1B gene and rs7090046 of the ADRA2A gene, statistically significant differences between VD patients and the control group were not found.Limitations. Limitations of this study include the small sample size and the analysis of only one polymorphism of each of the two genes (HTR1B and ADRA2A).Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that the polymorphic loci rs6298 of the HTR1B gene and rs7090046 of the ADRA2A gene cannot serve as reliable markers of predisposition to VD in the studied sample. However, continuation of the study in larger samples and taking into account other genetic factors may be useful for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of VD.Compliance with ethical standards. The protocol of the study was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (Minutes No. 01-01 of January 22, 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.Contribution: Muhammadiyeva G.F. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text; Shaihlislamova E.R. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Valova Ya.V., Yakupova T.G. – collection and processing of material; Karimov D.D. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing; Repina E.F. – editing; Karimov D.O. – the concept and design of the study. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the industry research program of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare for 2021–2025. "Scientific justification for the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, managing health risks and improving the quality of life of the Russian population" clause 2.2.9.Received: February 6, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Working conditions and health status in workers in the production of mineral fertilizers
Introduction. Currently, the search for the most informative criteria for assessing the effect of harmful factors is of great importance. Hematological control is one of the most popular diagnostic tests. In medical practice, there is also used the determination of leukocyte indices (LI), which are calculated on the basis of a general blood test and reflect the body’s response to various processes, such as adaptation, inflammation and allergies. Objective – to identify the specifics of working conditions, morbidity rates, transformation of integral hematological indices and to study the degree of occupational determination of these indicators for the timely detection of the harmful effects of production factors on the health of employees working with mineral fertilizers. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of general somatic non-infectious diseases and analyzes the results of studies of endogenous intoxication. Based on the obtained data, an assessment of the occupational risk was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for assessing the occupational risk to workers’ health using the relative risk (RR, units) and the etiological proportion (EF, %).Results. Hygienic working conditions have shown that at each stage of the technological process, its own specific production environment is formed, which is characterized by a complex of gas-aerosol components and an unfavorable microclimate.The results of a comprehensive medical examination revealed that there are 2.8 general somatic non-infectious diseases per employee examined. The most common among them are diseases of the circulatory system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and gynecological diseases.The analysis showed that the leukocyte intoxication index (LII) in different production workshops and in all occupational groups has high values. Limitations. The study took into account only the influence of harmful production factors on deviations of integral hematological indices among workers in various production departments.Conclusions. Studying the influence of harmful production factors on the body of workers allows identifying early signs of adverse effects on health. This will help develop and implement preventive and health measures to prevent possible health problems. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (minutes of meeting No. 01-1 of January 22, 2025), and was conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Vlasova N.V., Masyagutova L.M. – concept and design of the study, writing the text; Karamova L.M. – collection and discussion of results; Rafikova L.A. – work with literary sources; Abdrakhmanova E.R. – statistical processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: October 15, 2024 / Revised: April 29, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Various parameters of functional states in workers at a logging enterprise in conditions of the Far North at different stages of the shift period
Introduction. Previous studies have identified dynamic changes in the psychophysiological and psychological parameters of the functional states in logging workers during the shift period. The identified changes require clarification of how the various functional states parameters of logging enterprise workers are related at the beginning, middle. and end of the shift period.The aim of the study. To identify and describe the relationship between various functional states parameters in workers at a logging company in the Far North at the beginning, midd,le and end of the shift period.Materials and methods. The study involved twenty seven workers at a logging company. The functional states in loggers were assessed daily in the morning and evening using instrumental methods and testing during a 15-day shift period in July 2024. Statistical methods: descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis using the Spearman coefficient.Results. At the beginning of the shift period, a greater number of statistically significant relationships between the parameters of functional states measured using the following methods are observed: 1) the DASRWC, CVMR methods and coefficients based on blood pressure measurements; 2) the subjective comfort method and the parameters of the AngioCode device; 3) G.A. Aminev’s interpretation coefficients for the M. Luscher test and the parameters of the CVMR method. At the same time, for groups 1 and 3, these relationships are consistent (have similar characteristics), and for group 2 – opposite characteristics. Limitations. The study was conducted in one of the Russian regions in the summer, which can be clarified when conducting research in other regions with different climatic conditions and specific terrain. When expanding the samples, it is possible to apply multivariate statistical methods to analyze the results and clarify the findings. Conclusion. The hypothesis that, due to the greater intensity of occupational activity, greater consolidation in the assessments of the loggers’ functional states, measured using psychophysiological instrumental and psychological methods, observed at the beginning and end of the shift period, was confirmed. These differences may indicate to the consolidation of various means of human adaptation in more severe conditions and their measured, time-distributed use in relatively favorable periods.Compliance with ethical standards. The research program and methods were reviewed by the ethics committee of the Higher School of Psychology, Pedagogy and Physical Education of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and recommended for use (protocol No. 2, 2024). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Korneeva Ya.A. – research concept and design, text writing, text writing; literature data collection; statistical processing; editing; Simonova N.N. – research concept and design, text writing, text writing; literature data collection; statistical processing; editing; Korneeva A.V. – collection of empirical data; database formation. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final versionConflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-28-00117).Received: November 26, 2024 / Revised: May 5, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Features of emotional burnout in health care professionals and manifestations of character accentuation
Introduction. The occupational activity of health care professionals’ (HCP) is associated with high-intensity workload, which can contribute to mental deformation and the development of emotional burnout (EB). The purpose of the study is to examine character accentuations and their relationship with EB in HCP.Materials and methods. The psychometric online study of character accentuations was carried out using the Leonhard-Shmishek questionnaire. Research results are displayed as a median, upper, and lower quartiles, and extensive indicators. The comparison of indicators was performed using the χ2 criterion, the relationship between features was assessed using correlation analysis, and the probability of EB formation was studied using contingency table analysis and relative risk calculations.Results. The emotive, cyclothymic, and stuck types prevail in the structure of character accentuations in HCP. Features of the stuck, excitable, cyclothymic, affective-exalted, emotive types are the most pronounced in HCP, whom all three phases of EB have been formed or are in the process of formation. The greatest number of connections was found between the symptom of self dissatisfaction and the types of character accentuation. The greatest strength of connections is noted between the excitable accentuation and the symptom of experience of traumatic circumstances, self dissatisfaction, being trapped in a cage, anxiety, and depression, expanding the sphere of saving emotions, reduction of occupational responsibilities, emotional distance; dysthymic – self dissatisfaction, being trapped in a cage, anxiety and depression. It has been established that the severity of the properties of the excitable, dysthymic and affective-exalted types of accentuation increases the risk of forming the Tension phase by 1.8-3.1 times; the severity of the features of the emotive type increases the probability of forming the Resistance phase by 1.9 times.Limitations. The study is one-stage, performed with the participation of one professional group.Conclusion. It has been established that individuals with different features of character have different levels of development of EB phases and symptoms. The obtained data emphasize the importance of understanding personal factors in the context of occupational stress, which can help to better understand the mechanisms underlying burnout.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was performed in accordance with ethical standards and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (conclusion No. 3 dated February 16, 2021, conclusion No. 5 dated March 21, 2023). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Pankov V.A. – concept and design of the study, collection of material, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Kuleshova M.V. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The work was performed within the funds allocated for the implementation of the State task for the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research. Received: May 7, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Features of nutrition the in first-graders of various generations on weekends
Introduction. Nutrition is an important component of human life, as it provides the basic vital functions of the body.The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the structure of nutrition of first-graders of different generations on weekends in dynamics (2014, 2024).Materials and methods. The study was conducted in ten general education institutions (total n = 400 children): in September 2014 and 2024. The object of the study is first-graders aged 7 years, living in single-industry towns in the south of Kuzbass. At home, the children’s nutrition was studied using the 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition method.Results. When studying the food set consumed by children, the level of food consumption in dynamics was found to vary greatly in comparison with the recommended norms. In the weekend diets in schoolchildren, a lack of fish and seafood; meat, milk and fermented milk products; cottage cheese, hard cheeses, vegetable oil was found. The average daily diets are unbalanced. The energy value of food rations is on average within the range of standardized values. The average daily rations of schoolchildren both in 2014 and 2024 (1:1.3:4.7 and 1:1.2:4.5) were not balanced in terms of the ratio of basic macronutrients. In the rations of schoolchildren on weekends, the fat model of nutrition prevailed.Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of a group of schoolchildren of different generations studying in the first grades.Conclusion. The analysis of actual nutrition in dynamics revealed the relevance of studying the causes leading to violations in the management of children’s nutrition at home, which makes it possible to predict and structure the mistakes of parents with their subsequent consultation on issues of proper nutrition.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases” (Protocol of the Meeting No. 4 §1 dated November 18, 2021), conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013 edition). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution: Tapeshkina N.V. – the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing; Goryacheva O.V., Povarnitsina N.V. – collection of material; Matveeva O.V., Blazhina O.N. – data processing. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: May 22, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Food waste in schools from various countries: A systematic review
Introduction. According to the UN definition of food waste is a reduction in the quality, quantity of food as a consequence of the actions of catering companies. According to Footprint, worldwide the amount of food waste was about 1.05 billion tons, including inedible parts of food, which is 132 kilograms per capita, and also occupies almost a fifth of all products that are available to people, this data was presented in 2022. The aim – to study the relevance and effectiveness of methods to reduce food waste in schools.This article used the method of systematic review using the PRISMA flow chart, to conduct an analysis with a description of the literature found, articles with research in English published on such scientific databases as PubMed, Google scholar, published over the period from 2013 to 2023 were used.According to the search results, five thousand eight hundred sixteen reports were viewed in PubMed, and 9,580 in Google scholar, the total number of articles was 15,396. After deleting duplicate articles, 15,385 remained, then the selection was carried out by name and the presence of keywords in it, after which 25 articles remained, further if the annotation indicated that the study the method of systematic review was used, if the content of the abstract did not coincide with the topic, or the study was not conducted in schools and if it was conducted in public catering facilities, these articles were excluded, after which the sum of the selected articles was 10.Conclusion. Analyzing selected studies conducted in six countries around the world, it should be noted that there is a need to use effective methods to reduce food waste in schools. In some countries, both similar methods have been used, such as informing school children about food waste and nutrition at school, and unique ones, such as comparing allocated lunch time. The determination of the amount of food waste in the selected countries was carried out mainly by weighing and photographing dishes. Also, in some countries, studies have been conducted on food waste in schools, to determine which foods are often thrown away. Overall, this systematic review highlights the importance of measures to reduce food waste in schools.Contribution: Beisbekova A.K. – concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, data collection; Shukenova M.Z. – writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: August 2, 2024 / Revised: May 23, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Improving the assessment of compliance of biologically active food additives with established quality and safety requirements (literature review)
Introduction. Federation is aimed at ensuring sustainable natural population growth and reducing the detection of alimentary-dependent pathologies. Biologically active food additives (dietary supplements) play an important role in achieving these goals, the use of which helps to compensate for the deficiency in the intake of vitamins, minerals, and other biologically active substances into the human body.Objective. Substantiation of methodological approaches to the algorithm of sanitary, epidemiological, and hygienic assessment (examination) of biologically active food additives in the territory of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), In the course of the work, scientific literature sources from electronic databases (Elibrary, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science), legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, the EAEU and other countries were used, materials of own research.The analysis showed that the lack of a uniform approach by all EAEU member states to conducting sanitary, epidemiological, and hygienic assessments (expertise) leads to the sale of dietary supplements that do not comply with the established regulatory and legislative documents of the Russian Federation and the EAEU, and the falsification of this type of food.Conclusion. Due to the urgency of the issue of quality and safety of dietary supplements in circulation, and the need to unify the requirements for the examination of dietary supplements, scientifically based approaches have been developed to conduct sanitary, epidemiological, and hygienic assessment (examination) of biologically active food additives, which include the procedure for assessing the compliance of dietary supplements with established quality requirements. and security.Contribution: Setko A.G. – editing, collection, analysis, processing of materials, systematization and generalization of data from literary sources; Bagriantseva O.V. – editing, concept and design of the review and analytical research; Bessonov V.V. – collection of material, processing and analysis of data from literary sources; Yuskina O.N. – editing, material collection and data processing of literary sources. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final versionConflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: February 25, 2025 / Revised: May 21, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Evaluation of the toxic effect of 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride
Introduction. Experimental toxicological studies of industrial chemical compounds are a mandatory step in the elaboration of sanitary and hygienic standards. Among the wide variety of substances used by the industry, a special place is occupied by 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DACH), an intermediate product in the synthesis of many drugs. Despite the fact that there is data on the quantitative indices of the DAHG toxicity, information on the specific features of its toxic effect on the body is absent.The purpose of the investigation was to study the toxic effect of 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride on the body in experimental animals.Material and methods. The toxic effect of DAHG was studied on white outbred rats and mice under acute and subacute intragastric exposure regimens. The specificity of the toxic DACH effect was studied in a subacute experiment on rats (oral administration of 0.1 LD50 5 times a week). The condition of the animals was assessed by functional parameters, biochemical blood indices, and histological studies of internal organs. The obtained results were processed using the Statistica 10.0.Results. The average lethal doses of DAHG when administered intragastrically, it was 16 mg/kg for rats and 230 mg/kg for mice. In the subacute experiment, a decrease in motor activity in the labyrinth was revealed. In the blood serum in animals that survived the poisoning, a decrease in the activity of AST and cholinesterase, a one and a half-fold increase in the level of urea was noted. Leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis was noted in the peripheral blood. Morphological changes were observed as follows: in the brain – vascular congestion and neuronal edema; in the liver – moderate fatty degeneration; in the kidneys – granular degeneration of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules; in the small intestine – phenomena of epithelial irritation.Limitations. In vivo experiments conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for the protection of experimental animals limit their number in accordance with the ethical requirements for in vivo experiments.Conclusion. 2-Diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride according to LD50 values belongs to the substances of hazard class II. The activity of AST and cholinesterase, the concentration of blood urea and the analysis of white blood parameters are markers of the risk of developing pathological disorders in the body upon contact with DACH. The results of morphological studies indicate the possibility of damage to the brain, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract upon prolonged contact even with small doses of 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride. The obtained information on the specifics of the toxic effect of DACH is recommended for use in the elaboration of the measures to create safe working conditions.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol of the Meeting No. 4 §2 dated November 18, 2021). The keeping, feeding and removing animals from the experiment were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123, Strasbourg, March 18, 1986). Contribution: Gorokhova L.G. – concept and design of the study, collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text; Mikhailova N.N. – writing the text, editing; Kazitskaya A.S. – collection of material and data processing, statistical processing; Zhukova A.G. – collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: May 20, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Assessment of the risk caused by soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic for the population at the city with glass production
Introduction. The paper presents the results of the assessment of the carcinogenic risk and the risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects on the health in the population caused by soil pollution with heavy metals and arsenic in the city of Gus-Khrustalny and the Vladimir region.Materials and methods. The assessment of the risk for population health was carried out in accordance with R 2.1.10.3968-23 based on actual concentrations of gross forms of copper As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn in the city soil.Results. In several points of the city the total carcinogenic risk has been established to correspond to the alarming level of risk; in other points – to the permissible level. In the formation of the carcinogenic risk and the total hazard index, the oral route is the priority route of entry. The highest hazard indices are noted for the age group up to 7 years. The nervous system, blood system, respiratory system, skin and cardiovascular system are exposed to the greatest risk in the population of Gus-Khrustalny due to the contamination of urban soils with heavy metals and arsenic.The limitations of the study are related to the values of exposure factors, reference doses, and tilt factors.Conclusion. The soils of the city of Gus-Khrustalny, characterized in most points by unfavorable values of hygienic indicators in terms of heavy metals and arsenic, contribute to the risk of general toxic effects in the child population. Multiple elements soil pollution in the city may be one of the reasons for the high values of epidemiological risk indicators for the health of children in the city. The results of the study confirm the need to manage environmental and hygienic monitoring and detoxification of contaminated soils here.Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a biomedical ethics committee opinion.Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: October 16, 2024 / Revised: May 6, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
Validation of the methodology for measuring mass concentrations of chemical elements in blood by mass spectrometry method with inductively coupled plasma
Introduction. Identification of beryllium, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, and lead levels in biological media is necessary for controlling health of both general population and production workers.Aim. To validate author’s methodology MUK 4.1.3230–14 due to its modification for measuring mass concentrations of beryllium, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, and lead in blood, which is not included into the certified area for the methodology application.Materials and methods. Measurements were accomplished using the Agilent 7900 quadrupole ICP mass spec instrument (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with the octopole reaction system (ORS). Blood samples were prepared by acid decomposition in closed tubes in the HotBlock heating system at +90 °C for 80 minutes until homogenization was reached. Results. Internal standards for each analyte were selected by experiments; calibration dependence was shown to have linearity; laboratory accuracy and precision were assessed. The following limits of detection (LOD) were established: beryllium, 0.0019 µg/L; cobalt, 0.00015 µg/L; arsenic, 0.0003 µg/L; molybdenum, 0.00059 µg/L; cadmium, 0.00015 µg/L; tin, 0.0006 µg/L, antimony, 0.00009 µg/L; lead, 0.0003 µg/L. The range of measurements in blood was 0.7–100 µg/l for beryllium with 15% inaccuracy; cobalt, 0.05–100 µg/L with 13% inaccuracy; arsenic, 0.1–1000 µg/L with 13% inaccuracy; molybdenum, 0.2–500 µg/L with 9% inaccuracy; cadmium, 0.02–100 µg/L with 9% inaccuracy; tin, 0.2–500 µg/L with 10% inaccuracy; antimony, 0.03–100 µg/L with 10% inaccuracy; lead, 0.1–1500 µg/L with 16% inaccuracy. Limitations. Methodology MUK 4.1.3230–14 is limited to the determination of 9 elements in the blood (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium, thallium). It was necessary to prove the acceptability of the method for determining beryllium, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, and lead in blood.Conclusion. The validated methodology has been proven to be eligible for selective measurement of mass concentrations of beryllium, cobalt, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, antimony, and lead in blood with acceptable analytical values simultaneously with chemical elements (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium, and thallium) already covered by the methodology MUK 4.1.3230–14. Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee.Contributions: Nurislamova Т.V. – study concept and design; Stenno Е.V. – writing and editing the text; Nedoshitova А.V. – spectral analysis of samples; Veikhman G.А. – statistical data analysis, writing the text; Gileva К.О., Sukhikh Е.А., NIkolaeva А.Е. – sample preparation and data analysis. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 21, 2025 / Revised: June 11, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: August 20, 2025
To the 70th anniversary of Omor T. Kasymov
12 июля 2025 г. исполнилось 70 лет Омору Тилегеновичу Касымову – известному учёному, педагогу и организатору здравоохранения, доктору медицинских наук, профессору, лауреату Государственной премии Кыргызской Республики в области науки и техники, Заслуженному деятелю науки Кыргызской Республики, иностранному члену РАН.